Question 1

A scientific theory

Accepted Answer

A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation. It is not just an uneducated guess, but a hypothesis that has been upheld by many experiments. However, it can still be modified or even refuted if new evidence arises. Therefore, E is incorrect, as a scientific theory is always subject to falsification based on empirical evidence.

Question 2

A scientific theory is

Accepted Answer

A scientific theory is a hypothesis that has been rigorously tested and never been disproven. The key word here is "never," meaning it has withstood multiple tests and has not been contradicted by any evidence. This is what separates a theory from a hypothesis or mere speculation.

Question 3

Numerous studies have shown that the more often a person performs a workout routine that increases heart rate,the better their overall heart health is.You have two groups of individuals who are willing to participate in a heart-health experiment.Fifty are non-smoking males,ages 18 to 22,who work out three times per week.Fifty are non-smoking males,ages 18 to 22,who do not work out on a regular basis.In the experiment,they will step up and down on an 8-inch-high cinder block 120 times/minute for 3 minutes.Researchers will examine their heart rate before starting,immediately after they finish,and every minute after finishing until their heart rate returns to their original rate.Two common measures of heart health are the percentage increase in heart rate caused by exercise and the time the heart rate takes to return to the base rate.Based on these parameters,what is your hypothesis regarding the heart health and test performance of the two groups?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Numerous studies have shown that the more...

Question 4

Which is NOT an everyday (non-scientific)theory?

Accepted Answer

Evolution by natural selection is a scientific theory that is backed up by empirical evidence and research. The other options are everyday theories that may or may not have any scientific basis.

Question 5

An idea that has been examined numerous times and has never been falsified may be called a

Accepted Answer

A theory is a well-established idea that has been repeatedly tested and supported by evidence, and has never been falsified. A hypothesis is an idea that needs further testing and experimentation, and may or may not be supported by evidence. A conclusion is the final result or outcome of an experiment or analysis. A conundrum is a confusing and difficult problem. An ideology is a set of beliefs or principles.

Question 6

I observe that squirrels that live in the southeastern United States are much thinner than squirrels that live in the northeastern part of the country.I theorize that this is because the squirrels that live in the northeast have greater fat reserves for the winter months when food is scarce.Is this a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

While this is an educated guess, it has not been proven through experimentation or quantification, so it is still just a hypothesis and not a scientific theory.

Question 7

Use the following information to answer Questions 
A scientific study looked at the effect of tanning beds on DNA damage. The scientists took skin cells and exposed them to UV radiation (the type used in indoor tanning beds) for different lengths of time: some for 1 minute, some for 5 minutes, some for 15 minutes, and some for 30 minutes. They then looked for signs of DNA damage and compared the results to cells that had never been exposed to UV light.
-What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that the researchers are changing and manipulating in order to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this case, the researchers are manipulating the length of time that the skin cells are exposed to UV light, so C is the correct answer.

Question 8

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between a hypothesis...

Question 9

You are performing a bacterial transformation where you are trying to transfer DNA that contains the gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin into the bacterium E.coli.Ampicillin normally kills E.coli,but if you are successful in your transfer of the DNA,the E.coli will now be unaffected by ampicillin.E.coli grows best on Luria Broth agar plates.Giving a cold period and then a brief heat shock and a cold period has been shown to help bacteria cells take up pieces of DNA.
You take some cultures of E.coli,add cold calcium chloride,keep these on ice for 15 minutes,heat shock them for 90 seconds,then chill them on ice for 1 minute before putting them onto Luria Broth agar plates with ampicillin and Luria Broth plates without ampicillin.These bacteria should be killed by the plates with ampicillin.
You take some other cultures of E.coli,add cold calcium chloride,then add the new DNA,then keep these on ice for 15 minutes,heat shock them for 90 seconds,then chill them on ice for 1 minute before putting them onto Luria Broth agar plates that contain ampicillin and Luria Broth agar plates without ampicillin.If you successfully transferred the DNA,these bacteria should grow on the plates with ampicillin and the ones without ampicillin.
In this experiment,why were the colonies without the added DNA and the colonies with the added DNA treated the same way (15 minutes cold,then heat shock,then cold)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are performing a bacterial transformation where...

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an everyday (non-scientific)theory?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Broccoli tastes better than cauliflower" is a personal opinion and not a scientifically proven fact. It is an example of an everyday theory or belief that is based on personal preference or experience rather than scientific evidence.

Question 11

You are running an analysis on different food items to test for the presence of the major biological macromolecules starch,proteins,and lipids.For each test you examine four food items and distilled water.What is the role of the distilled water?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are running an analysis on different...

Question 12

Does science ever prove a hypothesis or theory? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Does science ever prove a hypothesis or...

Question 13

Use the following information to answer Questions 
A scientific study looked at the effect of tanning beds on DNA damage. The scientists took skin cells and exposed them to UV radiation (the type used in indoor tanning beds) for different lengths of time: some for 1 minute, some for 5 minutes, some for 15 minutes, and some for 30 minutes. They then looked for signs of DNA damage and compared the results to cells that had never been exposed to UV light.
-What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that the researchers are changing and manipulating in order to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this case, the researchers are manipulating the length of time that the skin cells are exposed to UV light, so C is the correct answer.

Question 14

In everyday usage,the word "theory" is used to mean an untested idea.Which of the following scientific terms is most similar to the everyday usage of "theory"?

Accepted Answer

The term hypothesis is similar to the everyday usage of "theory" as it refers to an untested idea or explanation that has yet to be proven through experimentation or observation.

Question 15

A controlled experiment must

Accepted Answer

A controlled experiment must have a dependent variable (the variable being measured), an independent variable (the variable being manipulated), be falsifiable (able to be proven false), and be repeatable (able to be replicated by others). Therefore, all of the above options are necessary for a controlled experiment.

Question 16

Use the following information to answer Questions 
A scientific study looked at the effect of tanning beds on DNA damage. The scientists took skin cells and exposed them to UV radiation (the type used in indoor tanning beds) for different lengths of time: some for 1 minute, some for 5 minutes, some for 15 minutes, and some for 30 minutes. They then looked for signs of DNA damage and compared the results to cells that had never been exposed to UV light.
-What is the control in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The control in this experiment is the untreated cells, which serve as a comparison group to the cells that were exposed to UV radiation for varying amounts of time. By comparing the level of DNA damage in the treated cells to the untreated cells, the scientists can determine the extent to which the UV radiation caused damage to the cells. The other answer choices are not controls in this experiment - they are all variables that the scientists manipulated or measured in order to study the effects of UV radiation on DNA damage.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis supported by results from an experiment with 3,000 subjects is not a scientific theory. A hypothesis is an educated guess that is tested through an experiment, while a theory is a well-supported and widely accepted explanation for a phenomenon that has been extensively tested and confirmed through scientific evidence.

Question 18

Explain why evolution is not dismissed as "just a theory" with reference to the Theory of Evolution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why evolution is not dismissed as...

Question 19

You finish a research project and submit your findings to a journal for peer review.The reviewers decide that they do not think your experimental results were convincing enough to support or disprove your hypothesis.What is your next step?

Accepted Answer

In the scientific community, it is common for research projects to undergo multiple rounds of experimentation and review. If initial experiments do not convincingly support or disprove a hypothesis, the logical next step is to design and carry out more experiments to collect additional data. This will help to either confirm or challenge the initial results and potentially lead to stronger evidence to support or disprove the hypothesis. Option B may also be a viable choice, but it is important to fully consider additional experimentation before formulating a new hypothesis. Options A, D, and E are not appropriate choices, as they involve emotional reactions, data manipulation, or questionable practices that would undermine scientific integrity.

Question 20

A hypothesis is

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable and falsifiable statement or idea that is proposed to explain a phenomenon or a set of observations. It is an important part of the scientific method, as it allows scientists to form predictions and design experiments to test those predictions. A hypothesis that cannot be tested or falsified is not considered scientific. Therefore, option C, "an idea that can be tested and falsified," is the best choice.

Quiz 1: The Process of Science Java Report