Question 1

Approximately what percent of American adults are overweight or obese?

Accepted Answer

According to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, nearly 70% of American adults are either overweight or obese, which means their body mass index (BMI) is 25 or higher.

Question 2

The range of fat recommended for males to be in the "good fitness health zone" is approximately

Accepted Answer

The recommended range of body fat for males to be in the "good fitness health zone" is generally considered to be between 10-20%. While some individuals may have lower or higher body fat percentages depending on their unique physiological makeup, in general, a body fat percentage within this range is considered healthy and indicates a reasonable balance of muscle and fat mass. A body fat percentage below 10% can indicate a lack of essential fat stores, while a body fat percentage above 20% may suggest excess body fat and a higher risk of obesity-related health issues.

Question 3

People vary in body weight from day to day and even hour to hour based solely on their level of ____________

Accepted Answer

Body weight can fluctuate based on the amount of water in the body, which is influenced by hydration levels. Body fat, body composition, and fitness will not have an immediate impact on body weight fluctuations from hour to hour or day to day.

Question 4

The term "essential fat" means the

Accepted Answer

Essential fat refers to the minimum amount of body fat essential for good health. This includes fat stored in essential organs like the brain, nerves, bone marrow, and heart. It is necessary for normal physiological functioning and should not be compromised for the sake of achieving a certain body weight or appearance.

Question 5

Which is NOT an important role of "essential fat" in the body?

Accepted Answer

Essential fat plays an important role in temperature regulation, shock absorption, and regulation of nutrients in the body. However, it does not have a role in bone absorption.

Question 6

From a health perspective,which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Being fit, regardless of weight, is more important for overall health than being thin. It is possible to be thin but inactive or unhealthy, which is not beneficial for overall health. Additionally, being fit can have numerous health benefits such as reducing the risk of chronic diseases and improving mental health.

Question 7

Which of the following is the basis for the bioelectric impedance method for body composition assessment?

Accepted Answer

The bioelectric impedance method works by sending a low-level electrical current through the body and measuring the resistance to the current flow. Since fat has less water content than muscle tissue, it offers greater resistance to the current flow and can be differentiated from muscle tissue. Therefore, the basis for this method is that fat has less water content than muscle.

Question 8

Absence of menstruation is known as

Accepted Answer

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation, which can be caused by various factors such as hormonal imbalances or excessive exercise. Bulimia and anorexia nervosa are eating disorders that may also lead to amenorrhea, but they are not the absence of menstruation themselves. Oligomenorrhea is a condition where the menstrual cycle is irregular, but not necessarily absent.

Question 9

The accepted international standards for interpreting BMI categorize values of ____ as overweight and values of _______ for obesity.

Accepted Answer

The accepted international standards for interpreting BMI categorize values of >25 as overweight and values of >30 for obesity.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of body fat?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal body fat, also known as visceral fat, is associated with a higher risk of health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. While body fatness standards may vary based on gender, it is generally not considered "normal" for either gender to have excessive amounts of body fat. Cellulite is not a separate or more dangerous form of body fat but rather a cosmetic condition caused by the way connective tissue and fat are distributed under the skin. While exercises can help reduce overall body fat, it is not possible to target fat loss in specific sites through exercise alone.

Question 11

What device is used to measure skinfolds?

Accepted Answer

Skinfold calipers are specifically designed to measure the thickness of skinfolds by gently pinching the skin and subcutaneous tissue at various sites on the body. Tape measures are not precise enough, dynamometers are used to measure grip strength, and scales are used to measure weight.

Question 12

Waist circumference provides an estimate of

Accepted Answer

Waist circumference is a measure of visceral fat distribution, which is the harmful type of fat that accumulates around organs and increases the risk of several health issues such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. It is not a direct measure of body fat percentage, cholesterol levels, or skinfold measurements.

Question 13

Which are the most common symptoms of bulimia?

Accepted Answer

Binging and purging is the most common symptom of bulimia. Extreme thinness, lack of eating, and excessive exercise may also be present, but are not necessarily indicative of bulimia. Low body fat and high-level athletic skills may actually be more common in individuals with anorexia.

Question 14

Which of the following is the accepted gold standard or criterion measure for body composition measurements?

Accepted Answer

DXA is the accepted gold standard for body composition measurements because it provides accurate measurements of fat, lean mass, and bone density. Underwater weighing was previously considered the gold standard but is less commonly used now. Skinfold measurements and bioelectrical impedance are less accurate and subject to error.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about obesity and health?

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Medical Association (AMA), obesity is classified as a disease due to the numerous negative health consequences it can lead to, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and certain cancers.

Question 16

The body mass index (BMI)is based on which two variables?

Accepted Answer

The body mass index (BMI) is based on an individual's height and weight, and is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters (BMI = kg/m^2). Therefore, option B is the correct choice. Option A involves measures of body fat (sum of skinfolds and body density), option C involves measurements not relevant to BMI, and option D includes measures of body fat (sum of skinfolds) and body shape (waist-to-hip ratio), but not height or weight.

Question 17

Individuals with more than healthy fat levels but who are not considered obese have body fat levels in the _______ zone.

Accepted Answer

Marginal zone refers to body fat levels that are higher than healthy levels, but not yet considered obese.

Question 18

Which of the following best characterizes the clinical term of "obesity?"

Accepted Answer

Obesity refers to the excessive accumulation of body fat, commonly measured by body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. It is a complex condition influenced by genetics, environment, and lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity. While metabolic dysregulation can be a consequence of obesity, it is not the defining characteristic. Extreme lipedema is a condition characterized by pathological accumulation of fat in the legs, arms, and buttocks, but it is not the same as obesity. Extreme overweight is a similar term to obesity, but it is not a medical or clinical term.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT associated with the "female athlete triad?"

Accepted Answer

Anemia is not directly associated with the female athlete triad, which includes amenorrhea (loss of menstrual periods), eating disorders, and osteoporosis. However, anemia can occur due to the nutritional deficiencies associated with disordered eating patterns that are a part of the triad.

Question 20

What is the main limitation of BMI as an indicator of body composition?

Accepted Answer

BMI only takes into account a person's weight and height, which means individuals with a high muscle mass are often classified as overweight or obese, even if their body fat percentage is low. Therefore, the main limitation of BMI as an indicator of body composition is that it doesn't consider muscle mass.

Quiz 14: Body Composition