Question 1

The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the

Accepted Answer

The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the pericardium.

Question 2

Which of the following is not associated with septicemia?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory acidosis is not commonly associated with septicemia. Septicemia is a life-threatening condition that occurs when harmful bacteria or toxins spread through the bloodstream, leading to symptoms such as fever and shaking chills, endotoxic shock, parenteral or endogenous transfer, and a drop in blood pressure. However, respiratory acidosis is a condition that occurs when there is too much carbon dioxide in the blood, which can be caused by lung disease, obesity, or other factors. It is not typically associated with septicemia.

Question 3

Plague exhibits a:

Accepted Answer

Plague can exhibit all three forms - septicemic, bubonic, and pneumonic. The septicemic form is often referred to as the black death, as it causes sepsis throughout the body. The bubonic form is characterized by the development of painful, swollen lymph nodes (buboes). The pneumonic form affects the lungs and is highly contagious through respiratory droplets.

Question 4

Most cases of septicemia are caused by

Accepted Answer

Septicemia is a serious bloodstream infection that is generally caused by bacteria. Fungi, viruses, prions, and protozoans can also cause infections, but they are not the most common cause of septicemia.

Question 5

Control of rodent populations is important for preventing

Accepted Answer

Rodents, especially rats, are the primary carriers of fleas that transmit the bacteria responsible for the bubonic plague. Therefore, controlling rodent populations is crucial in preventing the spread of the disease. Brucellosis, Q fever, and malaria are not primarily transmitted by rodents, although they may play a secondary role in some cases.

Question 6

All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis except

Accepted Answer

Subacute endocarditis is typically caused by bacteria, not immune system autoantibodies. All of the other options are associated with subacute endocarditis.

Question 7

Which is incorrect about Yersinia pestis?

Accepted Answer

Yersinia pestis does not produce enterotoxin. It is known for its virulence factors like coagulase and a capsule, but not enterotoxin production.

Question 8

______ occurs when microbes flourish and grow in the blood stream.

Accepted Answer

Septicemia is the term used to describe the condition when bacteria or other microbes grow and multiply in the blood stream. It can lead to serious complications and can be life-threatening. Viremia, fungemia, and bacteremia all refer to the presence of viruses, fungi, or bacteria in the blood stream, but do not necessarily indicate that the microbes are actively growing and causing an infection. Hemovirus is not a recognized medical term.

Question 9

The causative agent of Lyme disease is

Accepted Answer

Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, which is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis in the eastern U.S. and Ixodes pacificus in the western U.S.). Borrelia hermsii causes tick-borne relapsing fever and Leptospira interrogans is the causative agent of leptospirosis.

Question 10

Lyme disease involves

Accepted Answer

Lyme disease involves early symptoms of fever, headache, and stiff neck, as well as crippling polyarthritis, cardiovascular and neurological problems. It is primarily transmitted through ticks found in wooded or forested areas. Treatment involves antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, option E, which encompasses all of these statements, is the most appropriate answer.

Question 11

The white-footed mouse,deer,and deer ticks are important to maintaining the zoonotic transmission cycle associated with

Accepted Answer

The zoonotic transmission cycle associated with Lyme disease involves white-footed mice as the primary reservoir host, deer as a host for adult ticks, and deer ticks as the vector that transmits the disease to humans.

Question 12

Which is not a characteristic of tularemia?

Accepted Answer

Tularemia is caused by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis, not a gram-positive bacterium.

Question 13

The most common causative agent of acute endocarditis is

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent of acute endocarditis, accounting for approximately 30-40% of cases.

Question 14

Erythema migrans,a bull's-eye rash,at the portal of entry is associated with

Accepted Answer

Erythema migrans, also known as a bull's-eye rash, is associated with Lyme disease. It is a characteristic early sign of the infection, appearing at the site where the bacteria entered the body through a tick bite.

Question 15

Acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted through

Accepted Answer

Acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted through parenteral entry, meaning through direct entry into the bloodstream such as through IV drug use or invasive medical procedures.

Question 16

All of the following are associated with bubonic plague except

Accepted Answer

Bubonic plague is transmitted by the bites of infected fleas, primarily from rats, and not by human feces.

Question 17

Rabbits and rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of

Accepted Answer

Rabbits and rodents are the primary reservoirs of Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia.

Question 18

Yersinia pestis

Accepted Answer

Yersinia pestis is usually transmitted by fleas. This is the most common route of transmission.

Question 19

The presence of viruses in the blood is called

Accepted Answer

The presence of viruses in the blood is called viremia. This is different from bacteremia, which is the presence of bacteria in the blood. Fungemia refers to the presence of fungi in the blood, and hemovirus is not a commonly used medical term. Septicemia refers to a serious bloodstream infection caused by bacteria.

Question 20

Bubonic plague is transmitted by

Accepted Answer

Bubonic plague is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected fleas, which usually live on rats and other rodents.

Quiz 20: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems