Question 1

Which of the following statements is consistent with Harter's Competence Motivation Theory?

Accepted Answer

Harter's Competence Motivation Theory states that individuals have an innate motivation to be competent in certain areas, including sports. Therefore, choice C is consistent with this theory. Choices A, B, and D are not consistent with this theory as they either state that the desire for competence in sport is not innate or do not acknowledge the role of motivation in sports.

Question 2

Which of the following is not an example of a model of psychological momentum?

Accepted Answer

The attentional deficit model is not a model of psychological momentum. The other three options are all examples of models of psychological momentum. The antecedents-consequences model describes how specific events and outcomes can impact psychological momentum. The multidimensional model recognizes that momentum is influenced by multiple factors, including physical and psychological factors. The projected performance model suggests that athletes' beliefs about their future performance can impact their momentum.

Question 3

A theory of self-confidence based upon an athlete's feeling of personal competence.

Accepted Answer

Harter's competence motivation theory proposes that self-confidence is influenced by an individual's perception of their personal competence in a specific area. This is particularly applicable to athletes who may feel more confident in their abilities in a specific sport or skill, leading to greater self-confidence overall.

Question 4

The process by which an individual comes to see himself as competent is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

The reflective appraisal process refers to the process in which an individual develops a belief or sense of competence by reflecting on feedback received from others. This feedback can come from peers, mentors, supervisors, or others who have observed the individual's performance. As the individual receives positive feedback, he or she is more likely to see himself or herself as competent, and this can lead to increased confidence and motivation.

Question 5

Participatory modeling is linked with which component of Bandura's model of self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Participatory modeling, as the name suggests, involves individuals observing and participating in successful behaviors of others. This aligns with Bandura's concept of vicarious experience, where individuals gain confidence and self-efficacy by seeing others successfully perform the desired behavior.

Question 6

Psychological momentum is most related to

Accepted Answer

Psychological momentum is often described as a positive or negative shift in a team or individual's confidence and motivation. It is closely related to the concept of self-confidence, as a team or individual who is experiencing psychological momentum will usually have an increased sense of self-assurance and belief in their abilities. Self-talk and cognitive restructuring may also play a role in building and maintaining psychological momentum, but errors usually have a negative impact on momentum. Therefore, A is the best choice.

Question 7

Ways that competence motivation can be enhanced include

Accepted Answer

Competence motivation can be enhanced by increasing intrinsic motivation, which refers to engaging in activities for their own sake rather than for external rewards. Playing experience also plays a role in enhancing competence motivation as practice and experience can lead to improved skills and confidence. Perceived control, which refers to feeling in control of one's own outcomes and abilities, can also enhance competence motivation. Therefore, all of the above options are effective ways to enhance competence motivation.

Question 8

An independent variable that determines the effect that a second independent variable has upon a dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A moderating variable determines the effect that a second independent variable has upon a dependent variable. These variables alter or shift the strength or direction of the relation between the independent variable and the dependent variable.

Question 9

For women,the very act of framing a task as being masculine in nature leads to a decrement in performance and confidence.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as stereotype threat theory, where the fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's gender, race, or other social identity can lead to decreased performance and confidence. In this case, the framing of the task as masculine can activate the stereotype that women are not as capable in masculine domains, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a type of sport-confidence in Vealey's Multidimensional Model of Self-Confidence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 11

Groups as well as individuals can exhibit high self-efficacy.This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Collective self-efficacy refers to the belief of a group or team to accomplish a specific task or to achieve a specific goal. It is a shared belief held by group members regarding their collective ability to succeed.

Question 12

The belief or degree of certainty individuals possess about their ability to be successful in sport.

Accepted Answer

Sport confidence refers to the belief or degree of certainty individuals possess about their ability to be successful in sport.

Question 13

Which of the following models of psychological momentum argue against the notion of improved performance due to psychological momentum?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following models of psychological...

Question 14

Competence motivation is measured utilizing the

Accepted Answer

Harter's perceived competence scale is a widely used self-report measure of competence motivation. It assesses individuals' beliefs about their competence in different domains such as academics, athletics, and social interactions. This scale has been validated and used in numerous research studies on competence motivation.

Question 15

Which of the following is not part of Bandura's (1977)Theory of Self-Efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Bandura's theory of self-efficacy does not include attributional training as a source of self-efficacy. The theory identifies four main sources: mastery experiences (successful performance), vicarious experiences (seeing others succeed), verbal persuasion, and emotional states (emotional arousal). Attributional training is related to how individuals explain events and is not one of the core components of Bandura's self-efficacy theory.

Question 16

The most critical aspect of Bandura's Theory of Self-Efficacy is the notion of

Accepted Answer

Bandura's theory of self-efficacy centers around the belief that individuals' perception of their own ability to successfully perform a task plays a critical role in determining their behavioral outcomes. Therefore, successful performance is the most critical aspect of Bandura's Theory of Self-Efficacy. The other factors mentioned (vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal) may also contribute to an individual's self-efficacy beliefs, but they are not considered as critical as successful performance.

Question 17

The reflected appraisal process,by which competence motivation is developed and maintained,is a function of

Accepted Answer

The reflected appraisal process involves all of these elements: actual appraisals from others, one's own self-appraisal, and one's perception of how others appraise them. This process influences how individuals develop and maintain their motivation for competence by integrating external and internal evaluations.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a component part of Vealey's multidimensional model of sport confidence?

Accepted Answer

Emotional arousal is not a component part of Vealey's multidimensional model of sport confidence. The other options (B, C, and D) are all components of Vealey's model.

Question 19

Which of the following is not an example of situation specific self-confidence?

Accepted Answer

Situation specific self-confidence is about feeling confident in a specific situation or task, rather than a general trait of feeling confident in oneself. Option A is about general self-confidence and not situation-specific.

Question 20

Lenny (1977)argued that women and girls suffer from reduced levels of self-confidence when one or more of three situational variables are present.Which of the following is not one of those situational variables?

Accepted Answer

The three situational variables proposed by Lenny are the nature of the task, ambiguity of available information, and social comparison cues. The option (B) games involving chance is not one of those variables.

Quiz 3: Self-Confidence and Intrinsic Motivation