Question 1

How are children viewed today?

Accepted Answer

Contemporary views on child development recognize that children are not miniature adults, but rather unique individuals whose development is shaped by a complex interplay of genetic, biological, behavioral, and contextual factors. This view has evolved over time, with earlier perspectives often emphasizing either the role of genetics or environmental influences. Today, it is widely recognized that both nature and nurture play important roles in child development.

Question 2

Ally,85 years old,is not as quick as she once was:

Accepted Answer

This statement acknowledges the natural decline in physical ability that comes with aging, but also highlights the wisdom and experience that Ally has gained over the years. It suggests that she will be able to compensate for any decreased quickness with her knowledge and expertise.

Question 3

Gabe was born at 32 weeks of gestation.He is considered at some risk,because he was not able to complete the __________ period intrauterinely.

Accepted Answer

Gabe was born prematurely at 32 weeks of gestation, which means he was not able to complete the prenatal period intrauterinely. The perinatal period refers to the time immediately before and after birth, the neonatal period refers to the first month of life, and the postnatal period refers to the period after birth. Therefore, B (prenatal) is the best choice for completing the sentence.

Question 4

Are people in later adulthood less intelligent than younger people?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that on average, older adults tend to score lower on intelligence tests than younger adults. However, this may not reflect their true intelligence as they have accumulated more knowledge and expertise over time. This phenomenon is known as the "crystallized intelligence" theory. Therefore, while older adults may score lower on traditional intelligence tests, they may actually be more intelligent than their scores indicate.

Question 5

Which of the following is an accurate representation of "childhood" from an historical perspective?

Accepted Answer

All of these statements have been used to describe childhood from different historical perspectives. In the past, children were often seen as miniature adults and expected to take on adult responsibilities at a young age. However, there has also been a recognition of the unique innocence and joy that children exhibit, which may be lost with age.

Question 6

The developmental period that occurs from two to six years of age is:

Accepted Answer

The developmental period that occurs from two to six years of age is commonly referred to as early childhood, as children are no longer considered infants or toddlers but are not yet in middle childhood.

Question 7

The developmental period marked by rapid growth not equaled by other stages after birth is:

Accepted Answer

Infancy is the period marked by the most rapid growth after birth, with infants typically doubling their birth weight by 4-6 months and tripling it by one year of age. Early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence also involve growth and development, but at a slower pace compared to infancy.

Question 8

__________ insisted that children learned best through modeling adults and so did not require direct instruction.

Accepted Answer

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed in the concept of "natural education," where children learn through observation and imitation of adults in their environment, rather than through direct instruction or formal schooling.

Question 9

The outward manifestation of psychosocial abilities becomes readily apparent during:

Accepted Answer

During middle childhood, children develop more complex psychosocial abilities, such as understanding social norms, forming friendships, and developing a sense of self, which become more outwardly apparent.

Question 10

Christine is having a difficult time.Her friends want her to move out of the house now that she is nearing graduation,but Christine still enjoys her time with her parents and total independence is frightening.Of the following developmental theorists,who would predict this as a typical concern of an adolescent?

Accepted Answer

Jacqueline Lerner and Nancy Galambos are developmental theorists who focus on the transition from adolescence to adulthood. They proposed that the process of identity formation during adolescence involves balancing the desires for autonomy and connectedness with others. Christine's fear of total independence and desire to continue living with her parents is consistent with this theory. Freud, Darwin, and Piaget may have insights into other aspects of adolescent development, but they do not specifically address the issue of autonomy and connectedness.

Question 11

During __________,school becomes a major force in development.

Accepted Answer

During middle childhood (between the ages of 6-12), school becomes a major force in development as children spend a significant portion of their day in the school environment. This is a time when children gain academic skills, develop friendships, and begin to learn social norms and expectations. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 12

Mackenzie is entering the stage of development that will have the most challenges and extend for the most years of her life.Mackenzie is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Young adulthood is often considered a challenging stage that extends over many years, encompassing various life transitions such as career establishment, relationship changes, and personal growth.

Question 13

Of the following,who would be most likely to argue against the concept of play as the "work of childhood" and,as such,important to development?

Accepted Answer

Roman scholars typically did not emphasize the importance of play in the same way modern developmental theorists do. They focused more on formal education and training for civic and military roles, rather than seeing play as a crucial aspect of childhood development.

Question 14

The modern conception of adolescence was a result of:

Accepted Answer

The modern conception of adolescence emerged in response to the Industrial Revolution. As children moved from rural areas to urban factories, new laws were created to regulate child labor. This led to the creation of schools, which in turn created a new period of life specifically for teenagers. This new period of life was characterized by a focus on education and preparation for adult life, and it was distinct from childhood and adulthood.

Question 15

__________ argued that children must have formal instruction in order to become functional adults.

Accepted Answer

John Locke argued that children are born as blank slates and require formal instruction and education in order to become well-functioning adults. He believed that children's minds are shaped by their experiences and interactions with the world around them, and that it is the responsibility of parents and educators to provide them with guidance and direction.

Question 16

During __________,the main focus is the search for identity,often complicated by the changes brought on by puberty.

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is the developmental period characterized by the search for identity, which is often complicated by the physical, social, and emotional changes brought on by puberty. During this time, individuals are trying to figure out who they are, what they believe in, and how they fit into the world around them. While other periods of development may also involve exploring identity, adolescence is particularly notable for its emphasis on this process.

Question 17

The developmental period known as infancy lasts from birth to about:

Accepted Answer

Infancy is generally considered to last from birth to about two years of age, a period characterized by rapid physical and cognitive development.

Question 18

Which of the following statements best suits the concept of adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Adulthood is an important period for understanding the lifespan as it is a time of significant personal and social change. It involves taking on new roles and responsibilities, such as marriage, parenthood, and career development, and also brings about physical changes, such as aging and potential health issues. Therefore, studying and understanding adulthood is crucial for comprehending the lifespan as a whole.

Question 19

Although declining health may be a concern,increased wisdom is considered a benefit of:

Accepted Answer

Increased wisdom is often considered a benefit of later adulthood, as individuals have accumulated a lifetime of experiences and knowledge, contributing to a deeper understanding and insight into life.

Question 20

According to most theorists,the conflict that adolescents experience with their parents:

Accepted Answer

Adolescents typically experience only a slight increase in conflict with their parents compared to childhood, as they seek more independence while still maintaining family bonds.

Quiz 1: Lifespan Development: An Introduction