Question 1

According to Eysenck's findings, cold, nonconforming, and aggressive personalities tend to score high on
A)extraversion.
B)introversion.
C)neuroticism.
D)psychoticism.

Accepted Answer

According to Eysenck's findings, individuals with cold, nonconforming, and aggressive personalities tend to score high on psychoticism, which is a personality trait characterized by impulsivity, aggression, and tough-mindedness. This is distinct from extraversion, introversion, and neuroticism, which are other personality dimensions measured by Eysenck's model.

Question 2

The Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality shares origins with Eysenck's model in that
A)both emphasize individual case histories as data points.
B)both rely on taxonomies to generate research.
C)Eysenck relied heavily on the research of the FFM.
D)None of these is correct.

Accepted Answer

Both Eysenck's model and the FFM use taxonomies to organize and study personality traits. Individual case histories are not emphasized in the same way by either model, and while Eysenck's research may have contributed to the development of the FFM, he did not rely heavily on it.

Question 3

Costa and McCrae first solidified their long research collaboration as colleagues
A)at Columbia University under the direction of theorist Walter Mischel.
B)at the National Institutes on Aging's Gerontology Research Center.
C)and graduate students together at the University of Chicago.
D)under the direction of Raymond Cattell.

Accepted Answer

Costa and McCrae solidified their long research collaboration at the National Institutes on Aging's Gerontology Research Center, where they developed the Five-Factor Model of Personality.

Question 4

Eysenck claimed that introverted neurotics are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
A)anxiety.
B)depression.
C)phobias.
D)hysteria.
E)obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck did not include hysteria as one of the characteristics of introverted neurotics.

Question 5

In Eysenck's theory of personality, the three basic factors of P, E, and N are
A)independent of each other.
B)primary traits.
C)negatively related to each other.
D)a single unified factor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Eysenck's theory of personality, the three...

Question 6

Eysenck claimed that extraverted types are characterized by all the following traits EXCEPT
A)sociable.
B)impulsive.
C)lively.
D)playful.
E)thoughtful.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck claimed that extraverted types possess characteristics such as being sociable, impulsive, lively, and playful. However, they are not typically described as thoughtful, which is a trait associated with introverted types. Therefore, the correct answer is E.

Question 7

In Eysenck's theory of personality, individuals who tend to be empathetic, caring, cooperative, and highly socialized score
A)low on neuroticism.
B)high on introversion.
C)low on psychoticism.
D)high on extraversion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Eysenck's theory of personality, individuals who...

Question 8

Eysenck argued that many experimental studies on the same topic yield inconclusive or inconsistent results because the experimenters failed to
A)match participants on gender and age.
B)take personality factors into account.
C)use the proper statistical procedures.
D)consider the motivation of participants.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's argument was that personality factors were often not taken into account in experimental studies, leading to inconsistent or inconclusive results.

Question 9

According to Eysenck, an individual characterized by hysteria, suggestibility, and somatic symptoms would score high on the ____________ scale.
A)extraversion
B)neuroticism
C)psychoticism
D)superego

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's theory of personality includes the dimensions of extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-stability, and psychoticism. Hysteria, suggestibility, and somatic symptoms are often associated with emotional instability and neuroticism. Therefore, an individual with these characteristics would score high on the neuroticism scale.

Question 10

According to Eysenck, high P scorers are
A)punctual and precise.
B)caring and cooperative.
C)social and agreeable.
D)impulsive and hostile.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's personality theory includes a dimension known as Psychoticism (P), where high scorers are characterized by traits such as impulsiveness and hostility, rather than being punctual, caring, or agreeable.

Question 11

Eysenck's P type is a bipolar factor consisting of
A)psychoticism and neuroticism.
B)psychoticism and superego.
C)proactivity and passivity.
D)punctuality and procrastination.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's P type, or Psychoticism, is part of his three-factor model of personality, which also includes Extraversion and Neuroticism. Psychoticism, according to Eysenck, is associated with traits such as aggressiveness and impersonality, and it contrasts with a strong superego, which is related to self-control and adherence to societal norms.

Question 12

Eysenck believed that the primary difference between extraverts and introverts is one of
A)mother-infant relationships.
B)objectivity/subjectivity.
C)neuroticism/stability.
D)cortical arousal level.
E)gender.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck believed that the primary difference between extraverts and introverts is their level of cortical arousal. Introverts have a higher baseline level of arousal and are easily overstimulated, leading them to seek out quieter environments. In contrast, extraverts have a lower baseline level of arousal and actively seek out stimulation to increase their arousal level.

Question 13

Some people are vulnerable to organic and psychiatric illness because they have a genetic or acquired weakness that predisposes them to the illness.This explanation for an illness is what Eysenck called the
A)psychoticism factor.
B)hardiness model.
C)biological imperative.
D)diathesis-stress model.

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model, as described in the question, explains that some individuals have a genetic or acquired weakness (diathesis) that can make them more vulnerable to illness, and that this vulnerability may be triggered by stress or other environmental factors (stress).

Question 14

According to Eysenck, introverted types are characterized by all the following traits EXCEPT
A)quiet.
B)passive.
C)optimistic.
D)sober.
E)thoughtful.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck described introverted types as quiet, passive, sober, and thoughtful. However, he did not associate them with being optimistic. Therefore, C is the correct answer.

Question 15

According to Eysenck, low levels of cortical arousal and high sensory thresholds characterize individuals who score high on the __________ scale.
A)extraversion.
B)introversion.
C)psychoticism.
D)neuroticism.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck proposed that individuals who score high on the extraversion scale are characterized by low levels of cortical arousal and high sensory thresholds, leading them to seek external stimulation.

Question 16

Eysenck and Grossarth-Maticek found that
A)people with a helpless, hopeless attitude tended to die more from cancer than from heart disease.
B)people who reacted to frustration with anger and emotional arousal tended to die more from cancer than from heart disease.
C)people who regarded their own autonomy as important had high death rates from both cancer and heart disease.
D)no relationship existed between personality factors and disease.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck and Grossarth-Maticek's research suggested a correlation between personality traits and disease outcomes, particularly finding that individuals with a helpless, hopeless attitude were more likely to die from cancer than from heart disease.

Question 17

Eysenck believed that introverts are characterized by
A)lower levels of cortical arousal.
B)higher levels of cortical arousal.
C)high sensory threshold.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck believed that introverts have higher levels of cortical arousal, which makes them less sensation-seeking than extroverts.

Question 18

What evidence did Eysenck present on the biological bases of personality?
A)People in different parts of the world have different types of personality.
B)People tend to change their personality patterns as they age.
C)Identical twins have more similar personalities than fraternal twins reared together.
D)Identical twins and fraternal twins reared together are equally similar in their personalities.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck presented evidence that identical twins have more similar personalities than fraternal twins reared together, suggesting a genetic basis for personality. This supports the idea that biology plays a role in shaping personality traits.

Question 19

A _________ is a classification of things according to their natural relationships while a _______ can both predict and explain behavior.
A)theory; taxonomy
B)taxonomy; theory
C)factor analysis; theory
D)paradigm; hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A taxonomy is a classification system, while a theory is an explanation for observed behavior that can also predict future behavior. Choice A is incorrect because a theory is the explanation, not the classification system. Choice C is incorrect because factor analysis is a statistical technique for identifying patterns in data, not a classification or predictive system. Choice D is incorrect because paradigms refer to overarching frameworks for understanding a group of theories, and hypotheses are specific testable predictions within a theory, but neither term directly refers to classification or prediction systems.

Question 20

Eysenck's psychoticism factor (P) is characteristic of
A)normal personalities only.
B)abnormal personalities only.
C)normal and abnormal personalities.
D)neither normal nor abnormal personalities.

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's psychoticism factor is a dimension of personality that is present in both normal and abnormal personalities. It includes traits such as aggression, impulsivity, and a lack of empathy or concern for others, which can be seen in both healthy individuals and those with various mental disorders.

Quiz 14: Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory

According to Eysenck's findings, cold, nonconforming, and aggressive personalities tend to score high on

The Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality shares origins with Eysenck's model in that

Costa and McCrae first solidified their long research collaboration as colleagues

Eysenck claimed that introverted neurotics are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

In Eysenck's theory of personality, the three basic factors of P, E, and N are

Eysenck claimed that extraverted types are characterized by all the following traits EXCEPT

In Eysenck's theory of personality, individuals who tend to be empathetic, caring, cooperative, and highly socialized score

Eysenck argued that many experimental studies on the same topic yield inconclusive or inconsistent results because the experimenters failed to

According to Eysenck, an individual characterized by hysteria, suggestibility, and somatic symptoms would score high on the ____________ scale.

According to Eysenck, high P scorers are

Eysenck's P type is a bipolar factor consisting of

Eysenck believed that the primary difference between extraverts and introverts is one of

Some people are vulnerable to organic and psychiatric illness because they have a genetic or acquired weakness that predisposes them to the illness.This explanation for an illness is what Eysenck called the

According to Eysenck, introverted types are characterized by all the following traits EXCEPT

According to Eysenck, low levels of cortical arousal and high sensory thresholds characterize individuals who score high on the __________ scale.

Eysenck and Grossarth-Maticek found that

Eysenck believed that introverts are characterized by

What evidence did Eysenck present on the biological bases of personality?

A ___ is a classification of things according to their natural relationships while a _ can both predict and explain behavior.

Eysenck's psychoticism factor (P) is characteristic of