Question 1

The tendency toward completion,Adler believed,

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that the tendency toward completion was innate, but needed to be developed through a person's experiences and interactions with their environment. This idea is central to his theory of individual psychology. Birth order, learning during preadolescence, and the masculine protest are all separate concepts in Adler's theory.

Question 2

In response to World War I,Adler

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Differentiate the striving for superiority and the striving for success in Adler's theory of personality.

Accepted Answer

A.Originally,Adler spoke of the striving for superiority as the final goal for all people,but after he placed more emphasis on social interest,he made a distinction between striving for superiority and striving for success.
B.In Adler's final theory,the striving for superiority was seen as an attempt to gain personal superiority over other people.As such,it is pathological and devoid of a high level of social interest.For example,a person may give money to a street beggar to convey a message of superiority over the beggar.
C.After Adler began to see the importance or social interest,he talked about striving for success,which he defined as success for all humanity.The striving for success is thus motivated by a high level of social interest and not by personal gain.A person who strives for success may give money to a street beggar out of interest in the beggar as part of humanity.A person with high social interest would genuinely care about the beggar and may extend that care beyond merely giving money.

Question 4

Concerning feelings of inferiority,Adler held that

Accepted Answer

According to Adler, all individuals possess feelings of inferiority to some degree as a result of their unique experiences and perceptions of inadequacy in comparison to others. However, not all individuals develop neurotic patterns of behavior based on these feelings. Adler believed that healthy individuals can develop social interest, which helps them to overcome feelings of inferiority and contribute positively to society. Organ inferiorities, while they can contribute to feelings of inferiority, are not a necessary precondition for their development.

Question 5

Adler's concern for the whole person led to his

Accepted Answer

Adler was a psychiatrist, and his concern for the whole person led him to develop a new approach called individual psychology. This approach emphasized the importance of understanding an individual's subjective experiences, perceptions, and beliefs in the context of their social environment, and it aimed to uncover the meaning and purpose behind their behavior. Adler believed that people's behavior was influenced by their goals and motivations, and that they could change and grow through insight and understanding. He also stressed the importance of social connectedness and belongingness, and he advocated for social justice and equality.

Question 6

Unlike Freud's psychoanalysis,Adler's individual psychology assumed that

Accepted Answer

Adler's individual psychology emphasized a person's sense of self and the choices they make, suggesting that people are mostly responsible for their personalities. This is in contrast to Freud's psychoanalysis, which emphasized the role of unconscious forces in shaping behavior. Adler also did not place as much emphasis on the sexual instinct as a motivator of behavior, as Freud did.

Question 7

Adler believed that the dynamic force motivating all human activity is

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that the primary motivation behind all human behavior is the striving for success or superiority, which he saw as an attempt to compensate for feelings of inferiority.

Question 8

List and describe three Adlerian safeguarding tendencies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe three Adlerian safeguarding tendencies....

Question 9

Unlike other psychiatrists of his time,Adler treated

Accepted Answer

Adler was known for treating a large number of middle- and lower-class patients, which was uncommon among psychiatrists of his time who often catered to wealthier patients. While Adler did work with patients who had a variety of mental health concerns, including schizophrenia, mentally retarded children, and those without medical insurance, these were not defining factors of his practice.

Question 10

Adler's earliest memories concerned

Accepted Answer

Adler's earliest memories were of feeling inferior to his older and healthier brother, which sparked his interest in understanding human behavior and motivation.

Question 11

Adler felt that every individual is striving to reach the same goal of

Accepted Answer

Adler felt that every individual is striving for superiority or success. He believed that people have an innate desire to overcome their feelings of inferiority and attain a sense of significance in their lives. This drive for superiority motivates an individual to set goals and work towards achieving them.

Question 12

Which of the following assumptions is NOT part of Adler's theory?

Accepted Answer

Adler's theory does not assume that all human motivations for behavior are unconscious in origin. Instead, he believed that individuals are motivated by conscious and unconscious goals that are shaped by their unique life experiences and social contexts.

Question 13

Adler's break with Freud was due to the fact that

Accepted Answer

Adler disagreed with Freud's emphasis on sexual factors as the primary motivator of behavior and instead believed that social factors and the desire for power and superiority were more important. This fundamental disagreement led to Adler breaking away from Freud and developing his own theory of personality.

Question 14

The death of Adler's younger brother resulted in Adler

Accepted Answer

The death of Adler's younger brother profoundly impacted him, leading him to decide to become a doctor. This decision was motivated by his desire to fight death and disease, stemming from the loss he experienced in his childhood.

Question 15

Describe the role of subjective perceptions in Adler's theory of personality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the role of subjective perceptions in...

Question 16

From Adler's biography,we know that he

Accepted Answer

The answer of From Adler's biography,we know that he
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Question 17

One of Adler's strongest beliefs was in

Accepted Answer

Adler strongly believed in the equality of the sexes and was a pioneer in advocating for women's rights and gender equality in his time. He believed that women should have the same opportunities as men in all areas of life, including education and career.

Question 18

During the time that Freud and Adler were members of the Wednesday Psychological Society,____________________.

Accepted Answer

During the time Freud and Adler were members of the Wednesday Psychological Society, their relationship was complex, involving both collaboration and significant theoretical disagreements. Adler did not simply consider Freud his mentor, as their relationship was more collegial and eventually contentious due to differing views. Freud did not prevent Adler from holding office; in fact, Adler held significant positions within the psychoanalytic movement before their ideological split. Their personal relationship was not described as particularly warm, especially as their theoretical differences became more pronounced. There is no evidence to suggest that they conspired to prevent Carl Jung from joining the organization; Jung was actually a significant member of the psychoanalytic movement and had a close, though eventually strained, relationship with Freud.

Question 19

Adler believed that people strive for superiority

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that people strive for superiority as a way to compensate for their feelings of inferiority. He argued that everyone experiences some sense of inferiority, especially in childhood, and that individuals develop various strategies to overcome these feelings and achieve a sense of competence and self-esteem. According to Adler, the drive for superiority is a fundamental aspect of human nature and is present in all individuals, regardless of their social or cultural backgrounds. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 20

Adler first postulated the aggressive drive and the will to power as the fundamental motivations that shape human personality.He later extended his view to include the

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that the aggressive drive and the will to power motivate individuals to strive for success, achieve superiority, and overcome feelings of inferiority.

Note: While Adler did write about the search for meaning and self-actualization, these ideas were developed later in his career and were not originally included in his theory of personality based on the aggressive drive and will to power.

Quiz 3: Adler: Individual Psychology