Question 1

In terms of their relationships with friends, teens believe that online communication

Accepted Answer

Teens often perceive online communication as a positive tool for enhancing friendships. They believe that frequent use of digital platforms can improve their relationships with friends by facilitating more constant and immediate communication.

Question 2

According to Leo, which of the following is a problem with the MTA study of the effects of Ritalin on very young children?

Accepted Answer

Leo mentions all of these issues as potential problems with the MTA study, including the non-random sample of parents, potential bias of the selected parents, and the finding that medication did not affect hyperactivity.

Question 3

What are the effects of Ritalin on young children with ADHD? According to Leo, why has this practice become so prevalent? How do the proponents and opponents of this practice differ in their opinions? What do you think?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the effects of Ritalin on...

Question 4

When Leo claims that "medicating three-year-olds is just a harbinger of things to come" what does he mean by this?

Accepted Answer

Leo is suggesting that by accepting the practice of medicating young children with Ritalin, we are opening the door to potentially more extreme and ethically questionable practices in the future. He believes that this is just the beginning, or "harbinger", of what is to come. Option A is incorrect because Leo is not discussing the potential benefits of new medications in the future. Option B is incorrect because he is not suggesting that parents and children have historically self-medicated with similar drugs. Option D is also incorrect because Leo is not stating that the use of Ritalin on young children will disappear, but rather that it may lead to more extreme practices in the future.

Question 5

In a famous episode of "The Sopranos," the parents (Tony and Carmello) are asked to come see their son's (AJ) school psychologist. They are told that AJ needs to take Ritalin because he doesn't pay attention, fidgets in class, talks to other kids, and can't sit still. From your reading of the Leo article, how would Leo react to a statement such as this? Why would he be critical of this diagnosis? How does the prescribing of Ritalin fit into American cultural values about children's behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a famous episode of "The Sopranos,"...

Question 6

Leo argues that one of the reasons why the United States far surpasses the rest of the world in prescribing Ritalin is due to which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

Leo's argument points to a cultural or societal reason, specifically the value system advocating for social control in child-rearing, rather than economic or regulatory reasons.

Question 7

If Leo were to assign the primary fault concerning the over-medication of young children to one group, which of the following would be the most likely?

Accepted Answer

Leo would likely assign primary fault to the scientists and marketers of the drug companies who manufacture it, as they play a significant role in the development, promotion, and distribution of medication, potentially influencing over-medication trends.

Question 8

Leo claims that for children under six, the prescribing of Ritalin is

Accepted Answer

The statement that Ritalin is not officially approved for children under six and that there have been no experiments on its effects on young children suggests that prescribing it for such children is not supported by the medical community. While some doctors may still choose to prescribe it off-label, it is not an officially approved or well-documented medication for this age group.

Question 9

According to critics of using Ritalin and similar drugs on young children diagnosed as being ADHD, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Critics argue that the prescribing of drugs such as Ritalin is more about social control and the desire for children to conform to standardized behavior in the classroom and home, rather than about any long-term health benefits. There is also concern that these drugs may have negative long-term effects on mental health and may increase the risk of drug addiction later in life. The statement that Ritalin is excellent for controlling emotions but does nothing to change behavior is not accurate, as the drug is intended to improve focus and reduce hyperactivity, which can lead to changes in behavior over time.

Question 10

One issue that concerns social scientists, according to this article, about the new forms of social networking is best expressed in which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

The article specifically mentions concerns about how new forms of social networking are affecting face-to-face interaction for teens and potentially separating them from physical activities with others. The other options are not mentioned as primary concerns in the article.

Question 11

The official statement of the American Psychiatric Association on ADHD, according to Leo, is that it is a disease

Accepted Answer

The official statement of the American Psychiatric Association on ADHD is that it has probable biological roots, but it is still unclear what causes it and if there may be other reasons to account for its presence in children. The statement does acknowledge that there is no doubt that it is a real disorder and that there is significant data supporting its existence, but the exact biological underpinnings are still being studied.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a problem caused by new forms of social networking, as discussed by these authors?

Accepted Answer

The authors do not discuss how new forms of social networking relieve social anxiety. However, they do mention the negative effects of sexual predation, reinforcing peer relations over parental relations, and distractions at school as problems caused by new forms of social networking.

Question 13

Which of the following online forms of communication was cited as the most common way that teens engage in cyberbullying?

Accepted Answer

According to various studies and surveys, mobile text messaging is the most common way that teens engage in cyberbullying. This may be because it allows them to send hurtful messages anonymously and easily to a large number of people.

Question 14

The organization CHADD can be called

Accepted Answer

CHADD, which stands for Children and Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is a nonprofit organization that provides support, information, and advocacy for individuals with ADHD and their families. While CHADD does not promote medication as the only treatment option for ADHD, they do advocate for the use of medication as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that may also include behavior therapy, education, and support. CHADD does not lobby against the use of Ritalin or other medications, nor do they conduct scientific experiments on children using Ritalin. While CHADD may provide social support for individuals who have had negative side-effects from medication, this is not their primary focus.

Question 15

From 1990-1995, the percentage increase in the number of preschoolers taking medications for ADHD increased by how much?

Accepted Answer

According to the information given, we need to calculate the percentage increase in the number of preschoolers taking medication for ADHD between 1990 and 1995. Since no specific numbers are given, we can use the percentage increase formula:

Percentage Increase = (New Value - Old Value) / Old Value x 100

Assuming that the old value is the number of preschoolers taking medication for ADHD in 1990, and the new value is the number in 1995, we can calculate the percentage increase:

Percentage Increase = (Number in 1995 - Number in 1990) / Number in 1990 x 100

Without actual numbers, we can only rely on the answer choices given. Among the options, the closest to a 300% increase is option C. Therefore, the answer is C) 300%.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary conversation threads that teens use in online communication, according to a study cited that asked teens to keep a log of the text messages they received and sent?

Accepted Answer

The other three options (chatting, planning, and coordinating conversations) are all listed as primary conversation threads used by teens in online communication, according to the study cited.

Question 17

According to this article, for gay, lesbian, and bisexual teens, new forms of online communication may have what effect?

Accepted Answer

The article suggests that new forms of online communication may provide a safe space for gay, lesbian, and bisexual teens to explore their sexuality without the prejudice and harassment they may face from peers or adults. It also notes that many LGBT youth use online platforms to connect with others who share their experiences and provide support. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 18

Leo's article on the prescribing of Ritalin to very young children raises several ethical issues. Discuss these issues and provide your own opinions about whether or not this practice is good or bad.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Leo's article on the prescribing of Ritalin...

Question 19

According to the proponents of using Ritalin on children under six with ADHD, which of the following statements best illustrates their thinking?

Accepted Answer

Proponents of using Ritalin on children under six with ADHD believe that if left untreated, these children run the risk of failing at school, more serious medical and psychological problems, and a lifetime of failure and frustration. This statement reflects their thinking about the potential negative consequences of not treating ADHD in young children.

Question 20

Which of the following did the authors cite as an advantage of talking to strangers using new forms of online communication?

Accepted Answer

The authors cite that one advantage of talking to strangers using new forms of online communication is that it may allow teens to get access to sites that may help them cope with their offline problems.

Quiz 1: Sociological Odyssey: Contemporary Readings in Introductory Sociology