Question 1

Interstitial fluid is made from blood plasma and returns to blood plasma.

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fluid is derived from blood plasma and is constantly being exchanged with the plasma in capillaries. As a result, it returns to blood plasma.

Question 2

____________ transport does not require membrane proteins.
A)Facilitated diffusion
B)Bulk
C)Simple diffusion
D)Active

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the help of membrane proteins. Therefore, it does not require any membrane proteins for its transportation. Facilitated diffusion, on the other hand, requires the help of membrane proteins, Bulk transport involves the movement of large molecules or complex molecules and requires energy, and Active transport requires ATP energy and membrane proteins to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

Question 3

How much of the total body water content is in the intracellular compartment?
A)50%
B)67%
C)33%
D)80%

Accepted Answer

The intracellular compartment is the space inside the cells where the majority of the body's water is found. Studies have estimated that approximately 67% of total body water is intracellular. This means that only 33% of the body's water is present in the extracellular compartment, which includes the interstitial fluid and blood plasma.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of integrins?
A)glue components of the matrix
B)communicate between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
C)allow diffusion to occur through the plasma membrane
D)establish cell polarity

Accepted Answer

Integrins do not allow diffusion to occur through the plasma membrane. Their main functions are to glue components of the matrix, communicate between the intracellular and extracellular compartments, and establish cell polarity.

Question 5

___________________ comprise an important family of enzymes that can break down extracellular matrix proteins but require a zinc ion cofactor.
A)Matrix metallohydrolases
B)Matrix phosphokinases
C)Matrix metalloproteinases
D)None apply.

Accepted Answer

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise an important family of enzymes that can break down extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and require a zinc ion cofactor. MMPs are involved in physiological processes such as tissue remodeling and wound healing, but their dysregulation can contribute to pathological conditions such as cancer and arthritis.

Question 6

Matrix metalloproteinases
A)produce the basal laminA.
B)synthesize collagen in the extracellular matrix.
C)may be active in invasive cancer cells.
D)synthesize proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix.

Accepted Answer

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that can break down components of the extracellular matrix, including collagen, and are often overexpressed in invasive cancer cells.

Question 7

Osmosis and simple diffusion do NOT require the actions of carrier proteins.

Accepted Answer

Osmosis and simple diffusion are passive forms of transport that do not require the use of carrier proteins. They occur naturally as a result of concentration gradients and the movement of molecules from high to low concentration. Carrier proteins are only required for facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Question 8

Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of a solvent.

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It can occur for both solvents and solutes.

Question 9

What structures affect cell motility,adhesion,and proliferation?
A)basal lamina
B)integrins
C)collagen IV
D)proteoglycans

Accepted Answer

Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, affecting cell motility, adhesion, and proliferation.

Question 10

Active transport proceeds when energy is expended.

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy to move molecules or ions against their concentration gradient. This energy is usually provided by ATP hydrolysis.

Question 11

The majority of water within the body is found in the
A)intracellular compartment.
B)extracellular compartment.
C)blood plasma.
D)interstitial fluiD.

Accepted Answer

The majority of water within the body is found in the intracellular compartment, meaning inside cells. It is estimated that about 60% of the body's water is intracellular. The remaining 40% is distributed between the extracellular compartment, which includes blood plasma and interstitial fluid.

Question 12

________ are a class of glycoproteins that bind to components in the extracellular matrix thereby acting as adhesion molecules between cells and the matrix.
A)Glycocalyces
B)Aquaporins
C)Desmosomes
D)Integrins

Accepted Answer

Integrins are glycoproteins that bind to components in the extracellular matrix and act as adhesion molecules between cells and the matrix. Glycocalyces are sugar coatings on the surface of cells, aquaporins are membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water across cell membranes, and desmosomes are cell-to-cell junctions that provide structural support.

Question 13

Proteins that extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell,through the plasma membrane,and into the extracellular matrix are
A)lysosomal proteins.
B)metallo proteins.
C)receptor proteins.
D)integrin proteins.

Accepted Answer

Integrin proteins extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell, through the plasma membrane, and into the extracellular matrix. They are involved in cell adhesion, cell signaling, and migration. Lysosomal proteins are involved in the breakdown of cellular waste, metalloproteins are a diverse group of proteins that contain metal ions, and receptor proteins bind to signaling molecules and transmit signals into the cell.

Question 14

____________________ is a term which describes a membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through it.
A)Selectively permeable
B)Permeable
C)Porous
D)Countertransport

Accepted Answer

Selectively permeable is the term used to describe a membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through it. It is also known as a semipermeable membrane. This selective permeability is due to the size, charge, and other properties of the molecules attempting to pass through the membrane. The membrane selectively allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking or impeding the passage of others.

Question 15

How much of the extracellular fluid comes from blood plasma?
A)33%
B)92%
C)20%
D)50%

Accepted Answer

Approximately 20% of the extracellular fluid is made up of blood plasma.

Question 16

Active transport
A)utilizes energy.
B)cannot transport molecules against a concentration gradient.
C)cannot be saturated.
D)requires cofactors.

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy input, such as ATP hydrolysis, to transport molecules against a concentration gradient.

Question 17

80% of the extracellular fluid is termed as interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds and bathes the cells in the tissue spaces. It accounts for approximately 80% of the extracellular fluid in the body. The remaining 20% is composed of other types of extracellular fluid, such as plasma and lymph.

Question 18

The extracellular matrix is made up of collagen,elastin,and a gel-like ground substance.

Accepted Answer

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is indeed composed of collagen, elastin, and a gel-like ground substance called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. The ECM plays an important role in providing mechanical support to the cells, facilitating cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation, and regulating cellular behavior and signaling.

Question 19

What cofactor do matrix metalloproteinases need to be functional?
A)calcium
B)copper
C)chromium
D)zinc

Accepted Answer

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) require zinc as a cofactor for their catalytic activity. Zinc ions in the catalytic domain of MMPs coordinate the water molecule that attacks the peptide bond of the substrate, leading to its cleavage. In addition, some MMPs also require calcium ions for their proper folding and stability. However, calcium is not the primary cofactor required for MMP activity.

Question 20

Passive transport of water is known as
A)filtration.
B)osmosis.
C)facilitated diffusion.
D)a water pump.

Accepted Answer

Passive transport of water is known as osmosis. Osmosis refers to the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration without the input of energy.

Quiz 6: Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment

Interstitial fluid is made from blood plasma and returns to blood plasma.

____________ transport does not require membrane proteins.

How much of the total body water content is in the intracellular compartment?

Which of the following is NOT a function of integrins?

___________________ comprise an important family of enzymes that can break down extracellular matrix proteins but require a zinc ion cofactor.

Matrix metalloproteinases

Osmosis and simple diffusion do NOT require the actions of carrier proteins.

Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of a solvent.

What structures affect cell motility,adhesion,and proliferation?

Active transport proceeds when energy is expended.

The majority of water within the body is found in the

________ are a class of glycoproteins that bind to components in the extracellular matrix thereby acting as adhesion molecules between cells and the matrix.

Proteins that extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell,through the plasma membrane,and into the extracellular matrix are

____________________ is a term which describes a membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through it.

How much of the extracellular fluid comes from blood plasma?

Active transport

80% of the extracellular fluid is termed as interstitial fluid.

The extracellular matrix is made up of collagen,elastin,and a gel-like ground substance.

What cofactor do matrix metalloproteinases need to be functional?

Passive transport of water is known as