Question 1

Because the burden of proof is on ________,CEPA regulations tend to be ________ in nature.
A)firms to prove a substance is not toxic;proactive
B)firms to prove a substance is not toxic;reactive
C)the government to prove a substance is toxic;proactive
D)the government to prove a substance is toxic;reactive

Accepted Answer

The burden of proof is on the government to prove a substance is toxic, making CEPA regulations reactive in nature. This means that the government will take action after a substance has been proven to be harmful rather than being proactive and trying to prevent harm from occurring in the first place.

Question 2

List four potential policies that could be adopted to provide firms with the incentive to reduce their production of hazardous wastes.

Accepted Answer

Four potential policies that could be adopted to provide firms with the incentive to reduce their production of hazardous wastes include:1)making hazardous waste disposal more difficult and costly;2)use of liability and compensation laws;3)incentive-based policies like emission taxes;and 4)use of moral suasion by making NPRI data public.

Question 3

Revenues from B.C.'s hazardous waste permit fee system are placed in ________ which is used to address environmental problems and develop ________.
A)general revenues;a Superfund for the cleanup of orphan sites
B)general revenues;environmental protection projects
C)the Sustainable Environment Fund;environmental protection projects
D)the Sustainable Environment Fund;a Superfund for the cleanup of orphan sites

Accepted Answer

According to the information provided, revenues from B.C.'s hazardous waste permit fee system are placed in the Sustainable Environment Fund, which is used to address environmental problems and develop environmental protection projects. Therefore, option C is the correct choice. The other options are incorrect as they either refer to general revenues, which is not mentioned in the given information, or to a Superfund for the cleanup of orphan sites, which is not specified as the purpose of the fund.

Question 4

CERCLA stands for ________.
A)Canadian Environmental Resources,Compensation,and Liability Act
B)Canadian Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act
C)Comprehensive Environmental Resources,Compensation,and Liability Act
D)Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act

Accepted Answer

CERCLA stands for Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. The other answer choices are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the correct name and acronym of the law.

Question 5

List two problems with making hazardous waste disposal more difficult and costly as an option for reducing hazardous waste.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List two problems with making hazardous waste...

Question 6

A lesson learned from the case of dioxans and furans is that because toxics decompose or dissipate very slowly,government policy should include ways of both intercepting toxics before they enter the waste stream and cleaning up existing toxic sites.

Accepted Answer

The lesson learned from the case of dioxans and furans is that government policy should include ways of intercepting toxics before they enter the waste stream and cleaning up existing toxic sites because toxics decompose or dissipate very slowly.

Question 7

Provide a brief critical assessment of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide a brief critical assessment of the...

Question 8

List two problems with using incentive-based policies to deal with hazardous wastes in Canada.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List two problems with using incentive-based policies...

Question 9

Briefly describe the two-part fee structure of the B.C.waste permit fee system for hazardous waste.
The first part of the fee is a flat rate annual fee that is a licensing charge of $100 per medium for authorized discharges into air,water,for refuse,and storage.The second part of the fee is a variable fee based on authorized discharges times a unit fee per tonne discharged.These fees are set for each waste product and are based on the government's assessment of the risks of the contaminant to the environment,as well as the administrative costs of the program.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe the two-part fee structure of...

Question 10

Levying a tax on the inputs used to manufacture chemicals could be a cost-effective approach to reducing emissions of hazardous wastes since the inputs are fewer in number and easier to measure than the various chemicals themselves.

Accepted Answer

Levying a tax on inputs used to manufacture chemicals can be a cost-effective approach towards reducing emissions of hazardous wastes. As inputs are fewer and easier to measure than various chemicals themselves, it would be easier for manufacturers to comply with the tax regulations, and the government could track the usage of hazardous inputs as well, leading to better accountability and control measures.

Question 11

Marginal abatement cost curves tend to fall over time if polluters are regulated by a technology-based standard.

Accepted Answer

Marginal abatement cost curves tend to fall over time due to technological innovation and economies of scale, but a technology-based standard, by specifying particular technologies, may inhibit flexibility and innovation, potentially keeping costs from falling as quickly as they might otherwise.

Question 12

Discuss one problem with the current structure of the B.C.waste permit fee system that could lead to unintended increases in environmental damages and suggest a possible solution.
One problem with the fee structure is that permits are based on the volume of discharges,not loadings (concentration,time,volume)to the environment.Under a volume-based system,dischargers have an incentive to increase the concentration of the waste material per unit of volume discharged.This is a problem since higher concentrations of wastes generally lead to more environmental problems.One possible solution would be to base permits on loadings.In this case,monitoring of discharges would become essential to ensure compliance which could raise the costs of the program substantially.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss one problem with the current structure...

Question 13

Trying to reduce the amounts of hazardous material that are in need of disposal by either recycling residuals back into the production process,or by shifting technologies and operations so that the amount of residuals generated by firms is reduced is known as ________.
A)waste reduction
B)recycling
C)chemical treatment
D)CERCLA

Accepted Answer

Waste reduction involves finding ways to minimize the amount of hazardous material requiring disposal, either by recycling it back into the production process or by changing technologies and operations to minimize residual generation. Recycling and chemical treatment can be part of the waste reduction strategy, but waste reduction encompasses a broader range of activities. CERCLA is a federal law governing the cleanup of hazardous waste sites.

Question 14

Prior to 1992,the fees charged to firms under the B.C.hazardous waste permit fee system were low and unconnected to actual discharges so they provided firms with the incentive to reduce wastes.
Because the fees were unconnected to actual discharges,they provided no incentive to firms to reduce emissions.

Accepted Answer

The statement is the opposite of what actually happened. Prior to 1992, the fees charged to firms were low and unconnected to actual discharges, which provided no incentive for them to reduce emissions. After 1992, fees were based on the amount of waste, which provided firms with an incentive to reduce wastes.

Question 15

Historically,the federal government has taken an antagonistic approach towards dealing with firms in the pulp and paper industry when developing environmental regulations.

Accepted Answer

The federal government has generally worked with the pulp and paper industry to develop environmental regulations, often seeking a balance between environmental protection and industry needs.

Question 16

In Canada,the key federal legislation dealing with toxic substances is the ________.
A)Clean Air Act
B)Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
C)Canadian Environmental Protection Act of 1999
D)Fisheries Act of 1868

Accepted Answer

The Canadian Environmental Protection Act of 1999 is the key federal legislation dealing with toxic substances in Canada. This act provides the government with the authority to regulate toxic substances and to take action on pollution prevention and control. The Clean Air Act and Fisheries Act of 1868 deal with specific environmental issues, while the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act is a U.S. federal law.

Question 17

Because dioxans and furans ________ the impact of banning these substances on environmental quality is ________.
A)biodegrade;uncertain
B)biodegrade;a success story
C)bioaccumulate;uncertain
D)bioaccumulate;a success story

Accepted Answer

Dioxins and furans bioaccumulate, meaning they build up over time in the environment and in the bodies of living organisms. This characteristic makes the impact of banning these substances on environmental quality uncertain, as their long-lasting presence and accumulation can continue to affect ecosystems and human health even after their use is discontinued.

Question 18

The National Pollution Release Inventory uses moral suasion to try to get polluters to voluntarily reduce emissions of potentially harmful substances.

Accepted Answer

The National Pollution Release Inventory (NPRI) is a publicly accessible database of information on pollutants released to the environment by industrial and commercial facilities in Canada. The aim of the NPRI is to promote transparency and encourage polluters to reduce emissions voluntarily by providing information on their releases to the public. This approach is based on moral suasion, or the use of moral persuasion or public pressure to influence behaviour. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 19

The Canadian Environmental Protection Act authorizes the federal government to collect data and research into potentially toxic compounds released into the environment as well as giving it the right to ban discharges of substances that pose a significant danger to human health or the environment.List the key features of CEPA concerning toxic substances.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Canadian Environmental Protection Act authorizes the...

Question 20

The ________ facilitates coordination among all of the involved governments,the public,and industry to accomplish ________ for 43 contaminated sites around the Great Lakes that require decontamination and ongoing efforts to reduce further discharges.
A)CERCLA;site remediation
B)International Joint Commission;Remedial Action Plans
C)CEPA;orphan site cleanup
D)Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan;site-specific remediation plans

Accepted Answer

The International Joint Commission facilitates coordination among governments, the public, and industry to accomplish Remedial Action Plans for contaminated sites around the Great Lakes.

Quiz 18: Comparative Environmental Policies

Because the burden of proof is on ,CEPA regulations tend to be in nature.

List four potential policies that could be adopted to provide firms with the incentive to reduce their production of hazardous wastes.

Revenues from B.C.'s hazardous waste permit fee system are placed in which is used to address environmental problems and develop .

CERCLA stands for ________.

List two problems with making hazardous waste disposal more difficult and costly as an option for reducing hazardous waste.

A lesson learned from the case of dioxans and furans is that because toxics decompose or dissipate very slowly,government policy should include ways of both intercepting toxics before they enter the waste stream and cleaning up existing toxic sites.

Provide a brief critical assessment of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act.

List two problems with using incentive-based policies to deal with hazardous wastes in Canada.

Levying a tax on the inputs used to manufacture chemicals could be a cost-effective approach to reducing emissions of hazardous wastes since the inputs are fewer in number and easier to measure than the various chemicals themselves.

Marginal abatement cost curves tend to fall over time if polluters are regulated by a technology-based standard.

Trying to reduce the amounts of hazardous material that are in need of disposal by either recycling residuals back into the production process,or by shifting technologies and operations so that the amount of residuals generated by firms is reduced is known as ________.

Historically,the federal government has taken an antagonistic approach towards dealing with firms in the pulp and paper industry when developing environmental regulations.

In Canada,the key federal legislation dealing with toxic substances is the ________.

Because dioxans and furans the impact of banning these substances on environmental quality is .

The National Pollution Release Inventory uses moral suasion to try to get polluters to voluntarily reduce emissions of potentially harmful substances.

The facilitates coordination among all of the involved governments,the public,and industry to accomplish for 43 contaminated sites around the Great Lakes that require decontamination and ongoing efforts to reduce further discharges.