Question 1

In terms of wages for full-time employment, men make ___ more than what women make.

Accepted Answer

According to the most recent data from the US Census Bureau, women earn 77 cents for every dollar earned by men, translating to a wage gap of 23%.

Question 2

Doing something that is not necessarily discriminatory on its face, but impacts some groups more negatively than others is called

Accepted Answer

This is known as adverse impact discrimination, which occurs when a seemingly neutral policy or practice has a disproportionate negative impact on a particular group. It is also known as "disparate impact" discrimination.

Question 3

The unemployment rate for African-Americans is, across age categories,

Accepted Answer

According to recent data, the unemployment rate for African-Americans is several percentage points higher than that of whites, indicating that choice C is the correct option. While there may be differences in the rate among different age groups, the overall average rate is consistently higher for African-Americans. Therefore, options A and B are not accurate, and option D is not a realistic assessment of the current situation.

Question 4

The labor force participation rate for men is

Accepted Answer

Historically, the labor force participation rate for men has been higher than that of women, but it has been decreasing in recent years. Conversely, the participation rate for women has been increasing. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 5

The percentage of African-Americans whose incomes are in the top 40% of income earners in the U.S. is

Accepted Answer

According to 2019 data from the Census Bureau, only about 23% of African-Americans have incomes in the top 40% of earners in the U.S.

Question 6

If you look at median income from all sources, women make ___ of what men make.

Accepted Answer

Women make 61% of what men make when looking at median income from all sources.

Question 7

Among the two most important methods economists use to identify illegal discrimination are

Accepted Answer

Regression techniques are widely used by economists to identify illegal discrimination in industries. These techniques help them in assessing whether the observed differences in wages and other employment-related outcomes between different groups are due to discrimination or factors such as education, experience, productivity, etc. The statistical analysis of regression results enables the economist to separate out the effects of these variables and identify the extent of illegal discrimination, if any. The other options, such as random number simulations, laboratory experiments, and lottery number analyses, are not commonly used methods for identifying illegal discrimination in economics.

Question 8

From 1987 to 1996 the number of minority owned firms has

Accepted Answer

From 1987 to 1996, the number of minority-owned firms in the United States grew significantly, with an increase of 46%. This period saw a substantial rise in entrepreneurship and business ownership among minority groups, reflecting broader economic and social changes.

Question 9

If you look at earnings of full-time workers, women make ___ of what men make.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the US Census Bureau, in 2019, women who worked full-time earned 81 cents for every dollar earned by men who worked full-time. This wage gap varies by race and ethnicity, with Black and Latina women experiencing larger pay disparities compared to white and Asian women. However, it is important to note that the wage gap does not simply reflect differences in individual choices and qualifications but is also influenced by systemic factors such as occupational segregation, discrimination, and unequal access to career advancement opportunities.

Question 10

Treating two otherwise equal people differently because of their race is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of Treating two otherwise equal people differently because...

Question 11

Of the following, which can be legal in hiring

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the following, which can be legal...

Question 12

The labor force participation rate for women 16 and over has

Accepted Answer

The labor force participation rate for women 16 and over has increased from 38% in the 1960s to 57% today, according to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Question 13

In 2015 median income for males was $36,302 while it was ______ for females.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 2015 median income for males was...

Question 14

In terms of weekly earnings for full-time workers

Accepted Answer

Black workers, on average, earn about 77% of what their white counterparts earn. This statistic reflects the racial wage gap that persists in the United States, highlighting systemic inequalities in pay.

Question 15

Adjusting labor force participation rates for the age of the population suggests that

Accepted Answer

Adjusting labor force participation rates for the age of the population accounts for the fact that as the population ages, there may be a natural decline in labor force participation. Therefore, the raw number may not accurately reflect increases or decreases in participation rates. Since women have been taking on more roles in the labor force, adjusting for age suggests that the raw number understates the increase in the rate among women.

Question 16

In terms of all income, men make ____ more than women make.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In terms of all income, men make...

Question 17

The percentage of African-Americans whose incomes are in the bottom 40% of income earners in the U.S. is

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is about 57%, indicating a significant portion of African-Americans fall into the lower income brackets in the U.S.

Question 18

In terms of median family income

Accepted Answer

According to the latest data from the US Census Bureau in 2019, the median family income for Black families was $46,073, while for White families it was $75,032. Therefore, Black families earn about 61% of what White families earn.

Question 19

The poverty rate among women is _____ that of men.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have consistently shown that the poverty rate among women is greater than that of men. Women are more likely to be in low-paying jobs, experience interruptions in work due to caregiving responsibilities, and face discrimination in the workplace. Additionally, women are more likely to be single parents, which can also contribute to higher poverty rates.

Question 20

In terms of personal bankruptcies, the incidence of filings among single women has

Accepted Answer

The incidence of filings among single women has increased substantially. According to a study by the Institute for Financial Literacy, the percentage of bankruptcies filed by single women increased from 47.3% in 2006 to 50.6% in 2018, indicating an upward trend.

Quiz 30: The Economics of Race and Discrimination