Question 1

After the 1368 overthrow of the Mongol dynasty that had ruled China:
A) trade along the Silk Road came to an end.
B) European traders ceased to travel the Silk Road, but trade continued with Europe through Muslim middlemen.
C) the silk trade with Europe ended, but the spice trade continued.
D) Europeans forgot about China for the next two centuries.
E) the extensive spice trade ended, but the silk trade continued and expanded.

Accepted Answer

After the overthrow of the Mongol dynasty, European traders did not travel directly along the Silk Road to China, but instead continued to trade with China through Muslim middlemen. The silk trade with Europe also continued during this period.

Question 2

The Mongol leader Ögedei:
A) completed the conquest of China.
B) instigated the conquest of Europe.
C) ended the conquest of Europe by his death.
D) was Chingiz Khan's son.
E) all of these

Accepted Answer

Ögedei was Chingiz Khan's son, completed the conquest of China, and instigated the conquest of Europe. His death ended the conquest of Europe.

Question 3

Marco Polo's description of Java in the late thirteenth century describes the country as brimming with:
A) spices and gold.
B) herbal drugs and silver mines.
C) warring tribes and four regional kings.
D) fantastic creatures, such as a horse with a man's head.
E) fertile land that produced great agricultural wealth.

Accepted Answer

Marco Polo's description of Java in the late thirteenth century emphasizes its abundance of spices and gold, which he believed made it a wealthy and prosperous country.

Question 4

For the Ottomans,their conquest of Constantinople brought:
A) reduction in the demand for slaves because the size of the Ottoman army could now be reduced.
B) vast new wealth, which greatly increased the population of the city.
C) an economic crisis, as trade routes were redirected away from Constantinople.
D) relatively little change to Ottoman society.
E) a revitalization of Ottoman society with the realization that they could build an empire.

Accepted Answer

The conquest of Constantinople brought vast new wealth to the Ottomans, which greatly increased the population of the city.

Question 5

The Mongol defeat of the Seljuk sultanate was a contributing factor in:
A) the ability of the Ottomans to begin raiding against the Byzantine empire.
B) Byzantium being able to destroy the Abbasid caliphate of Baghdad.
C) the Abbasid caliphate's ability to launch a successful attack on Constantinople.
D) the Ottomans being able to attack and conquer Constantinople.
E) the collapse of the Carolingian Empire.

Accepted Answer

The Mongol defeat of the Seljuk sultanate weakened the region, creating a power vacuum that allowed the Ottomans to rise and begin their expansion, including raids against the Byzantine Empire.

Question 6

The Ottomans were successful in their conquests,at least in part,because:
A) they brought new ways of fighting to Europe with their introduction of stirrups for their horses.
B) they enlisted the services of Anatolian mercenaries.
C) they had captured a number of important cities and continued to do so under the employ of the Byzantine emperor.
D) their caliph married into the Byzantine royal family and thus had Byzantine support.
E) they promised full citizenship and a job to everyone who surrendered to them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Ottomans were successful in their conquests,at...

Question 7

The expression "Mongol horde" actually comes from:
A) the Turkish word ordure, meaning, "tent" or "encampment."
B) the Chinese words hen goal, meaning "great army."
C) the German word hart, meaning hard or solid.
D) the English verb meaning to accumulate or stockpile.
E) the Indian word meaning "conquering army."

Accepted Answer

The expression "Mongol horde" comes from the Turkish word ordure, which means "tent" or "encampment." This refers to the mobile encampments used by the Mongol army as they traveled and conquered vast territories.

Question 8

Until the end of the sixteenth century,the Ottoman empire was on an almost constant war footing.Why?
A) The empire could be sustained only through raiding and conquest.
B) Ottoman wars to expand their empire kept powerful nobles on the frontiers, away from the capital where they might have threatened the sultan.
C) Christians launched a series of Crusades to recapture Constantinople, forcing the Ottomans to defend themselves.
D) The Mongols posed a persistent and very real threat on the Ottomans' eastern frontier.
E) all of these

Accepted Answer

The Ottoman Empire expanded significantly through military conquest, which was a key method for sustaining its economy and political power during this period.

Question 9

Linguistically and ethnically,the Mongols were most closely related to the:
A) Chinese.
B) Turks.
C) Russians.
D) Persians.
E) Siberians.

Accepted Answer

Linguistically and ethnically, the Mongols were most closely related to the Turks. Both groups belong to the Altaic language family and share many cultural and historical similarities.

Question 10

When the Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453,the primary effect of their conquest on western Europe was:
A) psychological.
B) military.
C) economic.
D) political.
E) geographical: it spurred European attempts to find a direct route around Africa to India and the Far East.

Accepted Answer

The primary effect of the Ottomans' conquest of Constantinople on Western Europe was psychological, as it marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and the fall of a major Christian city. This event had a significant impact on European morale and self-confidence, and led to fears of Ottoman expansion into Europe.

Question 11

Why did the westward expansion of the Mongol empire end after 1260?
A) The Mongol armies were defeated by the Germans at the battle of Liegnitz.
B) The Mongol armies were defeated by the Hungarians at the River Sajo.
C) The Mongol empire split up into hostile factions.
D) The internal supply lines for the Mongol army became overextended, forcing the army to retreat.
E) The Mongol empire was assimilated into the Byzantine empire peacefully.

Accepted Answer

After the death of Mongol leader Genghis Khan's grandson, Möngke Khan, the empire was divided into four separate khanates controlled by different family members. These factions became increasingly hostile towards each other and focused on consolidating their own territories rather than expanding further westward. This internal conflict ultimately led to the end of the westward expansion of the Mongol empire after 1260. Therefore, option C is the correct choice. Options A, B, D, and E are incorrect because they are either historically inaccurate or unrelated to the main reason for the end of the Mongol expansion.

Question 12

The leader who united the Mongol tribes and began the conquest of China was named:
A) Qubilai Khan.
B) Ögedei Khan.
C) Temüjin, who took the title Chingiz Khan.
D) Timur the Lame (Tamerlane).
E) Lin Pao Khan.

Accepted Answer

Temüjin, who took the title Chingiz Khan, is also known as Genghis Khan. He united the Mongol tribes and began the conquest of China in the early 13th century.

Question 13

For Europeans,the most important consequence of the Mongol conquests was:
A) the commercial links it established between Europe and the Far East along the Silk Road.
B) that the Mongol defeats of the Abbasid caliphate removed a major threat to European control of the eastern Mediterranean.
C) that the Mongol conquest of Russia brought eastern Europe into closer contact with western Europe.
D) that by destroying Persia, the Mongols extended the life of the Byzantine empire.
E) the extensive cultural exchange that became possible between the Chinese and Europeans.

Accepted Answer

The most important consequence of the Mongol conquests for Europeans was the commercial links it established between Europe and the Far East along the Silk Road. This allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas between the two regions, which had significant impacts on European trade, economy, and culture.

Question 14

The Ottoman military threat to Europe,ongoing since the fall of Constantinople,was essentially ended when the Ottoman fleet was decisively defeated in 1571 at Lepanto,which is located in:
A) Asia Minor.
B) Italy.
C) Spain.
D) Egypt.
E) Greece.

Accepted Answer

The Battle of Lepanto took place in the Gulf of Patras, near the coast of western Greece.

Question 15

The Mongols conquered all of the following peoples EXCEPT:
A) the Seljuk Turks.
B) the Abbasids.
C) the Chinese.
D) the Persians.
E) the Ottoman Turks.

Accepted Answer

The Ottomans were not conquered by the Mongols. The other options were all conquered by the Mongols at different points in history.

Question 16

Marco Polo's travel accounts were influential in Europe because:
A) they allowed King Louis IX of France to establish an ambassador in the Mongol court.
B) Christian missionaries needed to adapt European ideas to Asian contexts.
C) Christopher Columbus eventually used Marco Polo's maps as a guide.
D) Europeans previously knew little about life and customs in Asia.
E) all of these

Accepted Answer

Marco Polo's travel accounts were influential because they provided Europeans with detailed information about the life and customs in Asia, which were largely unknown to them before his travels.

Question 17

In the late twelfth century,the Mongols quickly built up a large military force by:
A) offering land in exchange for military service.
B) uniting with the Mughal empire of India.
C) peacefully merging with the Chin dynasty in western China.
D) defeating Poland, Hungary, and eastern Germany.
E) incorporating the armies of defeated tribes.

Accepted Answer

The Mongols built up a large military force by incorporating the armies of defeated tribes. They would offer conquered peoples the opportunity to become part of their military and benefit from the spoils of war. This strategy allowed the Mongols to rapidly expand their military power and conquer vast territories.

Question 18

This chapter's portrait of Sultan Mehmet II (1451-1481)depicts a man who:
A) has recently converted to Byzantine Christianity.
B) wears the white turban of a Muslim warrior.
C) is proud of both his scholarly and military achievements.
D) fought bravely and died during the sack of Constantinople.
E) was a ruthless autocrat who ruled his Muslim, Christian, and Jewish subjects equally harshly.

Accepted Answer

The portrait of Sultan Mehmet II in this chapter depicts him as someone who is proud of both his scholarly and military achievements. The chapter describes him as a well-educated man who was interested in learning and supported the arts and sciences, as well as a skilled military leader who was able to conquer Constantinople. None of the other choices accurately describe the portrayal of Mehmet II in this chapter.

Question 19

When Christopher Columbus set sail in 1492,he carried with him two books that would shape his views of the places he encountered.The factual account was:
A) Jehen de Mandeville's Book of Marvels.
B) Prince Henry the Navigator's Rutters of the North Atlantic.
C) Vasco da Gama's Encounters with the Muslims.
D) Marco Polo's Book of the Marvels of the World.
E) Bartolomé de las Casas's A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies.

Accepted Answer

Marco Polo's Book of the Marvels of the World was one of the books that Christopher Columbus brought with him on his voyage in 1492. The book described Polo's travels to Asia and the riches and civilizations he encountered. Columbus was inspired by the book and believed he could find a shorter route to Asia by sailing west.

Question 20

The Ottoman army that conquered much of the Middle and Near East was composed mostly of:
A) mercenaries.
B) free Muslim citizens.
C) slaves.
D) volunteers from conquered countries.
E) drafted Christians from conquered lands.

Accepted Answer

The Ottoman army was composed mostly of slaves, who were recruited through the devshirme system. This was a process of selecting young boys from Christian families in conquered territories, who were then trained and converted to Islam to serve the Ottoman Empire as soldiers and administrators. This practice continued until the 17th century.

Quiz 11: Commerce,Conquest,and Colonization,1300–1600

After the 1368 overthrow of the Mongol dynasty that had ruled China:

The Mongol leader Ögedei:

Marco Polo's description of Java in the late thirteenth century describes the country as brimming with:

For the Ottomans,their conquest of Constantinople brought:

The Mongol defeat of the Seljuk sultanate was a contributing factor in:

The Ottomans were successful in their conquests,at least in part,because:

The expression "Mongol horde" actually comes from:

Until the end of the sixteenth century,the Ottoman empire was on an almost constant war footing.Why?

Linguistically and ethnically,the Mongols were most closely related to the:

When the Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453,the primary effect of their conquest on western Europe was:

Why did the westward expansion of the Mongol empire end after 1260?

The leader who united the Mongol tribes and began the conquest of China was named:

For Europeans,the most important consequence of the Mongol conquests was:

The Ottoman military threat to Europe,ongoing since the fall of Constantinople,was essentially ended when the Ottoman fleet was decisively defeated in 1571 at Lepanto,which is located in:

The Mongols conquered all of the following peoples EXCEPT:

Marco Polo's travel accounts were influential in Europe because:

In the late twelfth century,the Mongols quickly built up a large military force by:

This chapter's portrait of Sultan Mehmet II (1451-1481) depicts a man who:

When Christopher Columbus set sail in 1492,he carried with him two books that would shape his views of the places he encountered.The factual account was:

The Ottoman army that conquered much of the Middle and Near East was composed mostly of: