Firms with Well-Known Brands Can Spend Relatively Less on Marketing

Firms with well-known brands can spend relatively less on marketing costs than firms with little-known brands because

A) brands protect corporate copyrights.
B) consumer loyalty can be bought for less now compared to the past.
C) brand equity can only be obtained by means of product line depth.
D) people already know what the brand means.
E) well-known brands are less likely to introduce brand extensions.