Question 1

You want to understand the impact that prime-time TV shows have on young girls' body image.Which of the following methods is most likely to suit the requirements of your study?

Accepted Answer

Content analysis would be the best choice as it allows for the systematic and objective analysis of media content, which in this case would be prime-time TV shows. This would provide insights into the specific messages and images being portrayed regarding body image and their potential impact on young girls. The other options, such as a web-based survey or direct observation, may not provide as in-depth or accurate information on the specific content being analyzed in this study. A magazine survey may also not be as relevant as prime-time TV shows may have a greater influence on young girls' body image compared to magazines.

Question 2

Which of the following is a qualitative research method?

Accepted Answer

Ethnography is a qualitative research method that involves in-depth study and analysis of a particular culture or society. It focuses on understanding the subjective experiences, beliefs, and values of individuals within the culture or society. Eye-tracking and direct observation are both quantitative methods, as they involve measuring and analyzing specific behaviors or responses. Statistical analysis is also a quantitative method that involves analyzing numerical data.

Question 3

When Masters and Johnson made follow-up contacts with the participants,they found out that

Accepted Answer

The text states that "Masters and Johnson later followed up with the participants and found no evidence that their participation had caused any sexual dysfunction or psychological harm." Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 4

In order to study the sexual behavior of the people of Mangaia,a researcher lived for many months within the community.He directly recorded their behavior and also conducted several interviews.This method of research can be best described as _____.

Accepted Answer

The method of research described in the scenario involves the researcher living within the community and directly observing and conducting interviews. This is an example of the participant-observer technique, where the researcher is both a participant in the community and an observer of their behavior.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of the differences between quantitative and qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research assigns numerical values to data and uses statistical analysis to draw conclusions, while qualitative research focuses on the quality of data in the form of words, images, and observations. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it suggests that quantitative research assigns numerical values while qualitative research conveys results in words. A is incorrect because quantitative research uses statistics to test hypotheses, not generate them. B is incorrect because both quantitative and qualitative research can use random sampling techniques. C is incorrect because qualitative research typically involves small sample sizes, while quantitative research uses larger ones.

Question 6

Masters and Johnson's report "Human Sexual Response" differs from surveys of sexual behavior because

Accepted Answer

Masters and Johnson's report conducted laboratory investigations where they directly observed and measured physiological responses during sexual activity, making it different from surveys of sexual behavior that rely on self-reports.

Question 7

While doing a content analysis,you train four people to analyze the data for you.When they finish,you run a statistical program that measures how well they agreed with one another's analysis of the same data.You are measuring their

Accepted Answer

The statistical program that measures how well the four people agreed with one another's analysis of the same data is measuring their intercoder reliability. This measures the consistency and agreement between two or more coders/analysts in their interpretation or categorization of data.

Question 8

Masters and Johnson's major breakthrough was that they

Accepted Answer

Masters and Johnson's major breakthrough was that they had participants engage in sexual activity in the laboratory. They were able to observe physiological responses during sexual activity and establish a new understanding of human sexual response.

Question 9

A research study focuses on the sexuality of gays and lesbians in a population.Problems in sampling arise as many gays and lesbians are closeted and some may even be in heterosexual marriages.Which of the following methods of data collection is most likely to be suitable for this study?

Accepted Answer

Web-based surveys may provide more anonymity for participants and therefore increase the likelihood of closeted individuals being willing to participate. Face-to-face interviews may be too intrusive and direct observations may not be feasible for studying such a private and personal topic. Magazine surveys may not reach an accurate sample of the population as they may only reach a specific demographic.

Question 10

A study aims to research the sexuality of closeted homosexuals.Obtaining a sample is problematic because participants would require a high degree of anonymity.Identify the type of data collection that would be most suitable for this study.

Accepted Answer

A web-based survey would provide the highest degree of anonymity for participants, as they can complete the survey without revealing their identity or meeting the researchers in person. This would make it more likely for closeted individuals to participate in the study and provide more accurate data.

Question 11

The _____ technique is a research method in which a researcher becomes part of the community to be studied and makes observations from inside the community.

Accepted Answer

The participant-observer technique involves the researcher becoming part of the community being studied and making observations from within the community. This allows for a more in-depth understanding of the community's behaviors and culture. Random survey and eye-tracking are methods that do not involve the researcher being a part of the community, while clinical observation typically involves observing individuals in a clinical setting rather than a community.

Question 12

Identify a major drawback of conducting Web-based surveys.

Accepted Answer

Conducting Web-based surveys can result in the risk of repeat responders, which can bias the results and affect the accuracy of the data collected. It can also make it difficult to control for demographic factors, as it is challenging to ensure that each respondent is unique.

Question 13

You want to measure the impact of the media in some way.You sample several advice columns found in "Playboy" and "Playgirl" and compare the various types of questions asked and the types of advice given.In this scenario,you are carrying out a(n)

Accepted Answer

This is an example of content analysis, which involves identifying and measuring various aspects of media content, such as themes, messages, or types of questions and advice given in this scenario.

Question 14

_____ is a research method that aims to provide a complete,probing description of a human society.

Accepted Answer

Ethnography is a research method that involves observation and detailed description of a particular human society, including its culture, customs, beliefs, and social norms. It typically involves spending an extended period of time in the community under study, participating in daily activities and conducting interviews with members of the society. Ethnographic research can provide rich insights into the lived experiences of people in different cultural contexts. Lithography is a printmaking process, content analysis is a method for analyzing textual or visual data, and cartography is the study and practice of making maps.

Question 15

Which of the following methods of data gathering allows a researcher to make causal inferences?

Accepted Answer

Experiments are the only method of data gathering that allow a researcher to manipulate one variable and observe its effect on another, allowing for causal inferences to be made. Self-reports, questionnaires, and direct observations do not always provide sufficient evidence for cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 16

Which of the following is a disadvantage of Web-based surveys?

Accepted Answer

Web-based surveys are lacking in control of the respondent's environment. They may complete the survey in a distracting environment, or someone else may answer the survey for them. These extraneous influences may lead to flawed results.

Question 17

Howard lives in Australia.He wants to study the sexual behavior of students in private colleges in the United States.Which of the following is likely to be the best and most convenient method of data collection for Howard?

Accepted Answer

A web-based survey would be the most convenient and efficient method of data collection for Howard as he is in Australia and cannot conduct direct observation or face-to-face interviews easily. A magazine survey would not be reliable as it may not reach the desired population of students in private colleges, and the response rate may not be high enough.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about qualitative research is true?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative and quantitative methods can be used together, as they can complement each other in research studies. Qualitative research focuses on understanding phenomena in depth, exploring new areas of research, and generating hypotheses. It does not require a carefully obtained probability sample or the use of very large samples.

Question 19

Which of the following is a standard technique used to understand the impact of the mass media on sexuality?

Accepted Answer

Content analysis is a standard technique used to understand the impact of mass media on sexuality. It involves systematically and objectively analyzing media content to identify patterns, themes, and messages related to sexuality. This can help researchers understand how the media portrays sexuality and how this portrayal may influence individuals' attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to sexuality. Web-based surveys and magazine surveys may be used to collect data on individuals' attitudes and behaviors related to sexuality, but they do not specifically address the impact of the mass media. Direct observation may be used to study sexual behavior, but it does not specifically address the impact of the mass media.

Question 20

With respect to their sampling procedures,Masters and Johnson

Accepted Answer

Masters and Johnson did not use a random sample of the population of the United States. Instead, they recruited their participants from sources such as medical clinics, advertisements, and personal referrals. This may have limited the generalizability of their findings to the broader population.

Quiz 3: Sex Research