Question 1

In the condition known as peritonitis

Accepted Answer

Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, which is the membrane that surrounds and protects the organs within the abdominal cavity. This inflammation can be caused by a bacterial or fungal infection, as well as other factors such as trauma, surgery, or certain medical conditions. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, tenderness, fever, nausea, vomiting, and fluid buildup in the abdomen. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care, although surgery may be necessary in some cases.

Question 2

The effects of hyperthyroidism on the cardiovascular system: increased heart rate,increased blood pressure,and increased respiratory rate,are due to

Accepted Answer

The up-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors by thyroid hormone leads to increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and increased respiratory rate. This occurs because thyroid hormone increases the sensitivity of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs to the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are released by the sympathetic nervous system. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they describe mechanisms that would decrease, rather than increase, the cardiovascular effects of hyperthyroidism. Choice E is incorrect because not all of the choices are correct.

Question 3

Which of the following would not be a physical manifestation seen in an individual with a hyperactive thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

A hyperactive thyroid gland would result in an increase in the levels of total and free T4 hormone in blood serum. Option A, C, D and E are all physical manifestations seen in an individual with a hyperactive thyroid gland. Therefore, option B, which suggests a decrease in the levels of total and free T4 hormone in blood serum would not be a physical manifestation seen in an individual with a hyperactive thyroid gland.

Question 4

An individual experiencing chest pain,and shortness of breath,fearing that she may be having a heart attack could be expected to exhibit elevated blood pressure and increased heart rate as a consequence of

Accepted Answer

The answer of An individual experiencing chest pain,and shortness of...

Question 5

Elevated white blood cell counts can be indicative of

Accepted Answer

Elevated white blood cell counts can be indicative of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, as well as immune hypersensitivities or allergic reactions, making all the choices correct.

Question 6

Each of the following physiological processes could be associated with a person's feelings of excessive warmth,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Decreased epinephrine release from adrenal glands is associated with feelings of excessive coldness, not warmth. The other options can all contribute to feelings of excessive warmth.

Question 7

The distribution and flow of blood through lung vasculature is assessed by using a procedure called a ventilation-perfusion scan.Decreased distribution of blood through the lungs is highly suggestive of a respiratory disorder known as _________,supported by the results of a(n)_______ procedure performed on the patient's legs,and then will require treatment referred to as ________ to remove the blood clots.

Accepted Answer

A ventilation-perfusion scan is used to assess the distribution and flow of blood through lung vasculature. Decreased distribution of blood through the lungs is highly suggestive of a pulmonary embolism. To confirm the presence of blood clots, an ultrasound is typically performed on the patient's legs. Treatment for a pulmonary embolism involves the use of tissue plasminogen activator. Therefore, the best choice is B: Pulmonary embolism, ultrasound, tissue plasminogen activator.

Question 8

Which of the following conditions is most likely to be the physiological cause of hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

Chronic obstructive lung diseases such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis can cause ventilation-perfusion imbalances, leading to decreased oxygenation of blood and hypoxemia.

Question 9

An alteration in either the structure or function of the human body leading away from a state of normal healthy function is called disease.More specifically the study of the changes in function associated with disease is known as

Accepted Answer

Pathophysiology specifically refers to the study of the changes in function associated with disease. Homeopathy is a type of alternative medicine, protoptosis is not a recognized medical term, and necropsy and autopsy refer to post-mortem examinations and are not directly related to the study of changes in function associated with disease.

Question 10

Diseases,other than Graves' disease,which can produce symptoms of hyperthyroidism,could provide an error in diagnosis.Which physiological parameters should be examined also to rule out Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Serum calcium levels should be examined to rule out hyperparathyroidism, which can also cause symptoms of hyperthyroidism. The other options mentioned are not related to the diagnosis of Graves' disease.

Question 11

Bruits are audible sounds heard in a stethoscope when

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bruits are audible sounds heard in a...

Question 12

In a fever response,an individual feels "chills" despite elevated temperature that ensues because

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a fever response,an individual feels "chills"...

Question 13

The presence of pain and tenderness to touch in the lower right anterior abdominal quadrant is commonly associated with

Accepted Answer

The presence of pain and tenderness to touch in the lower right anterior abdominal quadrant is a classic symptom of appendicitis, which is inflammation of the appendix. The other options are not typically associated with pain in that specific location.

Question 14

Treatments for hyperthyroidism all involve reduction of the thyroid hormone levels.Which of those listed below is the most likely to do so by interfering with the synthesis of TH without destroying viable thyroid gland tissue cells.

Accepted Answer

Propylthiouracil and methimazole are antithyroid drugs that inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormone without destroying viable thyroid gland tissue. They work by blocking the enzyme thyroperoxidase, which is required for the production of thyroid hormone. This results in a reduction of thyroid hormone levels in the body. The other options either destroy viable thyroid gland tissue or do not directly inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormone.

Question 15

An important point to remember in using and applying factual physiological information is that

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed are important points to remember in using and applying factual physiological information. It is important to understand normal ranges of values, how different values are related to one another, the underlying processes that produce these values, and the processes that maintain homeostasis in order to recognize and interpret physiological indicators used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Question 16

The increased metabolic rate exhibited in individuals who are suffering from increased secretion of thyroid hormone would include all of the following symptoms or signs,except

Accepted Answer

Increased metabolic rate means the body is burning more calories, which usually leads to weight loss rather than weight gain.

Question 17

Sepsis,associated with bacterial infections,is defined by which of the following signs / symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis is often associated with an elevated neutrophil count as the body responds to bacterial infection.

Question 18

Hypoxemia is the condition in which

Accepted Answer

Hypoxemia is a condition in which the level of oxygen in the arterial blood is decreased. This can be caused by various factors including lung diseases, heart diseases, and high altitude.

Question 19

Long periods of inactivity or lack of exercise can lead to formation of _____,which block blood flow and impede gas exchange in small blood vessels due to long-term pooling of blood in ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Long periods of inactivity or lack of...

Question 20

Arterial blood pH increasing to values greater than 7.5 (acute respiratory alkalosis)can be caused by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arterial blood pH increasing to values greater...

Quiz 19: Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases