_____ provide ways by which correlational researchers may attempt to demonstrate causal relations among variables, even though the causal relationship may still be somewhat unclear.

Question

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Longitudinal designs can help establish causality by measuring the same variables in the same subjects over time, allowing researchers to establish a temporal order of events and rule out alternative explanations for the observed relationship between variables. Random selection techniques, sampling designs, and survey designs do not directly address the issue of causality.

_____ Provide Ways by Which Correlational Researchers May Attempt to Demonstrate