_____ refers to researchers' allocation of participants to groups by chance, to reduce the likelihood that an experiment's results will be due to preexisting differences between groups.

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Random assignment refers to researchers assigning participants to different groups by chance, which helps to reduce the possibility that preexisting differences between groups could affect the study's results. Selection bias occurs when the researchers do not assign participants randomly or select only certain types of participants, which can lead to biased results. Experimenter bias occurs when the researchers unconsciously or consciously influence the study's results, which can also affect the validity of the results. Random selection refers to the process of selecting participants from a larger population in a random manner, which can help to ensure that the study's sample is representative of the population.

_____ Refers to Researchers' Allocation of Participants to Groups by Chance