Question 1

In the Republic of Cedia,people are extremely conscious about their social backgrounds.This in turn regulates their relationships with members of other classes.As a result of the heightened class consciousness
A)the mobility between the social classes of the Cedian society will increase.
B)the level of industrial disruption and industrial disputes will be low.
C)most of the population will perceive itself to be middle class.
D)an antagonistic relationship will exist between management and labor classes.
E)successful individuals,irrespective of their origins,will be highly respected.

Accepted Answer

Heightened class consciousness often leads to an us vs. them mentality between different social classes. This can result in an antagonistic relationship between management and labor classes, making industrial disputes more likely.

Question 2

One of the downsides to the emphasis on individualism is that it
A)is difficult to build teams within an organization to perform collective tasks.
B)does not support entrepreneurship and innovation.
C)discourages managerial mobility.
D)fails to foster general managerial skills required to find solutions to current problems.
E)discourages competition among employees within a company.

Accepted Answer

Emphasizing individualism can create a culture where people prioritize their own goals and achievements over working collaboratively with others. This can make it challenging to build effective teams within an organization for tasks that require collective efforts.

Question 3

Which of the following is a possible downside of emphasizing the primacy of group identification over individualism?
A)It encourages managerial mobility between companies.
B)It leads to a lack of dynamism and entrepreneurship.
C)It hampers team building and cooperation.
D)It raises the costs of doing business due to its adverse impact on managerial stability.
E)It leads to the lack of company-specific skills and a network of contacts among managers.

Accepted Answer

Emphasizing the primacy of group identification over individualism can lead to a lack of dynamism and entrepreneurship because individuals may not feel empowered to take risks or be innovative if they are overly focused on the needs and goals of the group. This can be a disadvantage in a rapidly changing business environment where adaptability and innovation are key to success.

Question 4

Mountland Republic follows a system of social stratification that allows for flexibility in terms of social mobility.In this system of open stratification the status of a person is solely determined by his or her own socioeconomic achievements.Mountland Republic is most likely to be following what type of system of social stratification?
A)caste
B)class
C)religious
D)grade
E)bureaucratic

Accepted Answer

The system of social stratification that allows for flexibility in terms of social mobility and where one's status is determined by their socioeconomic achievements is known as a class system. Therefore, Mountland Republic is most likely following a class system of social stratification.

Question 5

According to Max Weber,Protestantism encouraged capitalism's development by
A)believing that salvation occurred in the next world,rather than this world.
B)encouraging the consumption of accumulated wealth by indulging in worldly pleasures.
C)adhering to the hierarchical domination of religious and social life that characterized the Catholic Church.
D)limiting an individual's religious freedom.
E)emphasizing the importance of hard work and wealth creation for the glory of God and frugality.

Accepted Answer

According to Max Weber, Protestantism, particularly Calvinism, emphasized the importance of hard work, frugality, and wealth creation as a sign of God's favor. This encouraged the development of capitalism because individuals were motivated to accumulate wealth and invest in business ventures. Additionally, Protestantism allowed for greater religious freedom and discouraged the indulgence in worldly pleasures, which meant that individuals were more likely to reinvest their profits.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about social stratification?
A)The most rigid system of social stratification is a class system.
B)Individuals are born into a particular social stratum.
C)It is not possible for people to move between social strata.
D)Britain is an example of a society where the caste system is predominant even today.
E)Individuals born into a stratum toward the bottom of the social hierarchy tend to have better life chances.

Accepted Answer

Social stratification is the categorization of individuals and groups into different social strata based on various factors such as income, occupation, education, and social status. While social stratification systems can vary in their rigidity, individuals are typically born into a particular social stratum based on their family background and other factors beyond their control. Therefore, option B is the correct statement. Option A is incorrect; rigid stratification is typically associated with a caste system. Option C is also incorrect; while social mobility may be limited in some societies, it is never completely impossible. Option D is incorrect since the caste system is not predominant in modern Britain. Option E is also incorrect since individuals born into lower social strata tend to have fewer opportunities and face more obstacles in achieving success compared to those born into higher social strata.

Question 7

In the country of Burnada,the citizens are restricted from moving out of the strata they are born into.Also,individuals are allowed to engage only in the occupation associated with their particular strata.The system of social stratification being practiced in Burnada can be identified as a
A)cluster system.
B)caste system.
C)merit-based system.
D)class system.
E)bureaucracy-based system.

Accepted Answer

The fact that individuals are restricted from moving out of their born strata and restricted to engaging only in the occupation associated with their particular strata indicates a caste system. In a caste system, individuals are not allowed to move up or down the social hierarchy, and their occupation is determined by their birth.

Question 8

The United Republic emphasizes individual performance and achievements in every sphere of society.Which of the following statements is true about the society of this type of country?
A)The country suffers from a low degree of dynamism and innovation.
B)The country has a low degree of managerial mobility.
C)There is a low degree of entrepreneurial activity in the country.
D)The employees in this country will lack loyalty and commitment to a company.
E)Managers in such a country have highly developed company-specific skills but they lack general skills.

Accepted Answer

In a society that emphasizes individual performance and achievements, employees may prioritize their personal success over loyalty and commitment to a specific company or organization. This can lead to a lack of employee loyalty and commitment.

The other choices are not necessarily true based on the given information. A society that emphasizes individual performance and achievements may actually promote dynamism and innovation, as individuals are encouraged to take risks and pursue their own ideas. Similarly, there may be a high degree of managerial mobility, as talented individuals are able to move up the ranks quickly based on their individual performance. And, while there may be less emphasis on entrepreneurship in such a society, this does not necessarily mean that there is a low degree of entrepreneurial activity overall. Finally, the given information does not provide any insight into the skills of managers in such a society.

Question 9

In the country of Rudanda,it is very hard for a person born in a particular strata of society to move to a different strata.Rudanda has a low degree of
A)social mobility.
B)ethnocentrism.
C)entrepreneurial activity.
D)managerial mobility.
E)dynamism and innovation.

Accepted Answer

Social mobility refers to the ability of individuals to move up or down the social or economic strata they were born into. In Rudanda, it is very hard for someone to move from one stratum to another. This indicates a low degree of social mobility in the country.

Question 10

Which of the following is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born,and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime?
A)caste
B)merit
C)class
D)economic
E)bureaucratic

Accepted Answer

A caste system is a closed system of stratification where an individual's social position is determined by their birth into a particular caste or social group, and mobility between castes is rare or nonexistent. One's caste is determined by their family and is difficult or impossible to change during their lifetime.

Question 11

Which of the following is an ethical system that has influenced behavior and shaped culture in parts of Asia and is not considered as a religion?
A)Confucianism
B)Hinduism
C)Islam
D)Christianity
E)Buddhism

Accepted Answer

Confucianism is an ethical and philosophical system that originated in China and has influenced behavior and shaped culture in many parts of Asia, including Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. While it has some religious elements, it is primarily a secular system of ethics and morality, focused on social order, human relationships, and personal conduct. It emphasizes values such as benevolence, loyalty, respect for authority, and the pursuit of knowledge and self-improvement.

Question 12

Which of the following is most likely to be the result of high degrees of class consciousness in societies?
A)high levels of social mobility
B)healthy relationship between management and labor classes
C)low levels of industrial disruption
D)increase in the costs of production
E)greater opportunities for businesses to establish competitive advantage

Accepted Answer

High degrees of class consciousness often lead to increased demands for better wages and working conditions, which can result in higher production costs due to labor disputes and negotiations.

Question 13

If a society emphasizes the group as the primary unit of social organization,it is most likely to
A)encourage competition between the members of the group.
B)expose managers to different ways of doing business.
C)foster dynamism and entrepreneurship.
D)discourage employees from moving from company to company.
E)fail to facilitate self-managing work teams.

Accepted Answer

In societies where the group is the primary unit of social organization, loyalty and long-term commitment to the group are valued, which discourages employees from frequently changing jobs.

Question 14

Which of the following refers to a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background,and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes?
A)social mobility
B)class consciousness
C)cross-culture literacy
D)social awareness
E)class representativeness

Accepted Answer

Class consciousness refers to a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background,and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes. Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups from one social class to another. Cross-culture literacy refers to the ability to understand, appreciate, and effectively navigate cultural differences. Social awareness is the ability to understand and recognize the needs, concerns, and issues of others. Class representativeness is not a term commonly used to describe this concept.

Question 15

Tom,who works for a multinational company,is often put in teams consisting of people from different cultures.Tom finds it difficult to function in these teams because,unlike the others,he comes from a culture where building his personal "brand" is emphasized.Tom's culture emphasizes
A)individualism.
B)ethnocentrism.
C)collectivism.
D)polycentrism.
E)multicentrism.

Accepted Answer

The emphasis on building one's personal "brand" suggests a culture that values individualism, that is, prioritizing the needs and goals of the individual over the group. In collectivist cultures, on the other hand, the focus is on the group and its goals, with less emphasis on individual achievement or recognition. Ethnocentrism refers to the belief in the superiority of one's own culture, while polycentrism and multicentrism are concepts related to international business strategy, and are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about the class system in the United States when compared to the British class system?
A)The class system in the United States is more pronounced than in Britain.
B)In the United States,upward social mobility cannot normally be achieved in one generation.
C)Class membership in the United States is mainly determined by an individual's background and schooling.
D)In American society,the extreme emphasis on individualism increases the impact of class background on business operations.
E)Successful individuals from humble origins are highly respected in American society.

Accepted Answer

Successful individuals from humble origins are highly respected in American society. This is often referred to as the "American Dream" where individuals are able to work hard and achieve upward mobility regardless of their class background. In contrast, the British class system is known for its rigidity, where social mobility is much less achievable.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true about the business implications of Japanese society?
A)The determination of social status of an individual is independent of the standing of the group to which he or she belongs.
B)It is difficult to find self-managing work teams within Japanese organizations.
C)It is more successful at pioneering radically new products and new ways of doing business than the United States.
D)There is a low degree of movement from company to company among managers and workers.
E)The managers and workers lack company-specific knowledge,experience,and a network of interpersonal business contacts.

Accepted Answer

There is a low degree of movement from company to company among managers and workers in Japanese society due to their emphasis on loyalty and long-term commitment to the company. This has implications for businesses operating in Japan, as they must focus on providing stable and long-term career paths for their employees.

Question 18

When compared to American society,Japanese society lacks
A)commitment to lifetime employment.
B)emphasis on group memberships.
C)self-managing work teams.
D)close cooperation between individuals.
E)dynamism and entrepreneurship.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that Japanese society lacks dynamism and entrepreneurship when compared to American society. There is no mention of any lack of commitment to lifetime employment, emphasis on group memberships, self-managing work teams, or close cooperation between individuals, so options A through D can be ruled out.

Question 19

In the context of social structure,American society is characterized by a low degree of
A)social stratification.
B)mobility between strata.
C)entrepreneurial activity.
D)managerial mobility.
E)dynamism and innovation.

Accepted Answer

American society is characterized by a relatively low degree of social stratification compared to other societies. While there are certainly economic and social inequalities, there is more fluidity between social classes and fewer rigid barriers to upward mobility than in many other countries.

Question 20

In 1904,who theorized that there was a relationship between Protestantism and the emergence of modern capitalism?
A)Karl Marx
B)Alfred Schmidt
C)Max Weber
D)Abraham Maslow
E)Adam Smith

Accepted Answer

The theorist who proposed the relationship between Protestantism and modern capitalism was Max Weber, a German sociologist, in his book "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" published in 1904.

Quiz 4: Differences in Culture

In the Republic of Cedia,people are extremely conscious about their social backgrounds.This in turn regulates their relationships with members of other classes.As a result of the heightened class consciousness

One of the downsides to the emphasis on individualism is that it

Which of the following is a possible downside of emphasizing the primacy of group identification over individualism?

According to Max Weber,Protestantism encouraged capitalism's development by

Which of the following statements is true about social stratification?

In the country of Burnada,the citizens are restricted from moving out of the strata they are born into.Also,individuals are allowed to engage only in the occupation associated with their particular strata.The system of social stratification being practiced in Burnada can be identified as a

The United Republic emphasizes individual performance and achievements in every sphere of society.Which of the following statements is true about the society of this type of country?

In the country of Rudanda,it is very hard for a person born in a particular strata of society to move to a different strata.Rudanda has a low degree of

Which of the following is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born,and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime?

Which of the following is an ethical system that has influenced behavior and shaped culture in parts of Asia and is not considered as a religion?

Which of the following is most likely to be the result of high degrees of class consciousness in societies?

If a society emphasizes the group as the primary unit of social organization,it is most likely to

Which of the following refers to a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background,and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes?

Tom,who works for a multinational company,is often put in teams consisting of people from different cultures.Tom finds it difficult to function in these teams because,unlike the others,he comes from a culture where building his personal "brand" is emphasized.Tom's culture emphasizes

Which of the following statements is true about the class system in the United States when compared to the British class system?

Which of the following statements is true about the business implications of Japanese society?

When compared to American society,Japanese society lacks

In the context of social structure,American society is characterized by a low degree of

In 1904,who theorized that there was a relationship between Protestantism and the emergence of modern capitalism?