Question 1

Which of the following represents the determinants of morality in the sixth stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

The determinants of morality in the sixth stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development are based on universal human rights. This stage is characterized by an individual's recognition of the broader principles of justice and their commitment to upholding these principles, even in the face of conflicting laws or rules. This is why D is the correct answer.

Question 2

Evan is a slow learner who is in the fifth grade.He has been attending remedial classes where he receives training to retain and recall information better.His teachers have reassured his parents that the cumulative effect of these remedial classes take some time and is not visible instantly.Despite this knowledge,Evan's father often chastises him for his mediocre marks and compares him unfavorably to his peers.Evan's father's approach to his academic performance is likely to lead to a _____ in Evan.

Accepted Answer

Evan's father's constant comparison and criticism is likely to lead Evan to feel inferior to his peers and have a negative self-image, which can further impact his academic performance.

Question 3

A person evaluates the degree to which actual laws preserve and protect fundamental human rights and values at Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's social contract or utility and individual rights stage of moral reasoning involves evaluating laws and rules based on their ability to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people while also protecting individual rights and freedoms. This aligns with the evaluation of laws in terms of protecting fundamental human rights and values.

Question 4

Which of the followings statements is TRUE with regard to Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's stages of moral development propose six stages that individuals go through as they develop morally. Progression through the stages occurs as morality becomes more internalized and mature, with individuals moving from external authorities to abstract ethical principles as their basis for moral decision-making. A and B are incorrect because Kohlberg proposed six stages, not two, and did not suggest that different genders or cultural groups go through the stages in different ways. D is incorrect because Kohlberg's theory includes both care and justice perspectives of morality.

Question 5

An insecure attachment to a mother during middle and late childhood is linked to

Accepted Answer

An insecure attachment to a mother during middle and late childhood is linked to increases in anxiety levels. Studies have shown that children with insecure attachments tend to have higher levels of anxiety compared to those with secure attachments.

Question 6

Daniel was arrested for stealing government documents and he responded by saying that "Yes,I did steal the documents,and I am willing to go to jail for it.These documents prove that the government was engaging in a cover-up and I think the public has a right to know about such unethical actions." Lawrence Kohlberg would classify Daniel as using _____ morality in this situation.

Accepted Answer

Daniel's response indicates that he believes in a higher moral principle that supersedes the laws and rules of society. This indicates postconventional morality, where an individual's actions are guided by internalized ethical principles rather than external rules and laws.

Question 7

Candice is presented with a moral dilemma.She responds by saying that the person in the dilemma should choose a course of action that will ensure that people will not think badly of that person.Candice's response reflects Lawrence Kohlberg's _____ reasoning level of moral development.

Accepted Answer

Candice's response focuses on societal norms and expectations, which aligns with Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development. At this level, individuals base their moral decisions on what is socially acceptable and what will lead to approval from others. The response does not demonstrate the consideration of individual rights or ethical principles which correspond to the autonomous moral and postconventional levels.

Question 8

Adolescents may reason that in order for a community to work effectively,it needs to be protected by laws that are adhered to by its members.This is an example of a moral judgment based on Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's social systems morality stage is characterized by the belief that an effective society is one that is governed by a set of universally agreed-upon laws that promote the common good. Adolescents in this stage recognize the importance of obeying laws and following social norms for the benefit of society. Therefore, the given example of reasoning that a community needs to be protected by laws is an indication of social systems morality stage of moral reasoning.

Question 9

Cynthia,a fourth grader,detests having to eat vegetables and recently,her mother caught her throwing away her lunch in the trash.Since this incident,Cynthia has been forcing herself to eat whatever food she is given,not because she understands that it is healthy for her,but because she is scared that her mother will announce another time out.This is an example of Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's heteronomous morality stage is characterized by a fear of punishment, where individuals follow rules to avoid being caught or punished. Cynthia's behavior of forcing herself to eat vegetables out of fear of another timeout is consistent with this stage of moral reasoning.

Question 10

At Kohlberg's _____ level of moral reasoning,the individual recognizes alternative moral courses,explores the options,and then decides on a personal moral code.

Accepted Answer

At the postconventional level, individuals can think beyond the norms and rules of society and come up with their own ethical principles. They evaluate and decide on their own morality based on principles, such as justice and human rights, rather than just following the rules of authority or societal expectations, as is the case in the conventional and heteronomous levels. The social systems level is focused on understanding the roles and relationships within social systems, rather than personal moral decision-making.

Question 11

During middle and late childhood,lower levels of internalized symptoms,such as depression and anxiety,are linked to a(n)_____ attachment.

Accepted Answer

A secure attachment is characterized by a sense of trust and security in the relationship between the child and their primary caregiver. This type of attachment is associated with lower levels of internalized symptoms, such as depression and anxiety, during middle and late childhood. In contrast, insecure attachment styles (avoidant, resistant, or disorganized) are linked to higher levels of these symptoms.

Question 12

Cybil is about to deliver a baby.Her husband,Bruce,is driving to the hospital at 80 miles per hour.Their son Will says,"Daddy,don't go that fast,you might get caught and sent to prison." From which level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning is Will making this statement?

Accepted Answer

Will is expressing a fear of punishment, which falls under the preconventional level of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg. This level is characterized by a focus on avoiding punishment and gaining rewards.

Question 13

In which of the following of Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning do trust,caring,and loyalty serve as bases of moral judgments?

Accepted Answer

Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity is the stage where trust, caring, and loyalty are considered as bases of moral judgments. In this stage, individuals value maintaining the social order and meeting the expectations of their social group. They prioritize interpersonal relationships and trust, and seek to conform to the norms and values of their community.

Question 14

Six-year-old Phyllis decided to obey her older sister Maggie so that she would be allowed to go with Maggie to watch a movie.Phyllis is operating from Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Six-year-old Phyllis decided to obey her older...

Question 15

In Lawrence Kohlberg's preconventional reasoning stage,good and bad are interpreted in terms of

Accepted Answer

In Kohlberg's preconventional reasoning stage, good and bad are interpreted in terms of external rewards and punishments. People in this stage make moral decisions based on what will bring them pleasure or avoid pain, and are focused on avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain. They do not yet have a strong sense of moral principles or concern for others.

Question 16

During their elementary school years,children

Accepted Answer

According to research, children in their elementary school years develop the ability to suppress or conceal negative emotional reactions, especially in social situations. They may also start to understand and experience self-conscious emotions, such as pride and shame, although they may struggle to express them. They also start to develop empathy and sympathy towards others who are distressed. However, they may still struggle with understanding and managing complex emotions, such as feeling multiple emotions at once.

Question 17

Hillary's mother likes to let her daughter experience new things and gain new skills.As Hillary finds the process of baking very exciting,her mother recently allowed her to beat the eggs and measure out the flour required for the cake she was making.Though Hillary's mother could have done these tasks in a quicker and more efficient manner on her own,she chose to let Hillary take charge even if it meant more time,effort,and patience would be required on her part.Which of the following is TRUE with regard to this situation?

Accepted Answer

Hillary's mother is giving her daughter the opportunity to gain new skills and experience new things, which will contribute to her sense of industry. The fact that her mother is willing to take the time and effort required to let Hillary take charge suggests that she has a high need for generativity, meaning she wants to help her daughter develop and grow. There is no evidence to suggest that Hillary will mistrust her mother's judgment or have a sense of inferiority, especially as her mother will not reprimand her for making a mess while baking.

Question 18

Julie planned a surprise birthday party for her mother with the help of her friends and father.Before her mother got back from work,they put up streamers and other decorative items around their living room and waited for her mother to return and cut the cake.When Julie's mother returned,she got angry at the house being filled with children and the mess they had made decorating for her birthday party and stormed out of the house.This incident is likely to enhance Julie's sense of

Accepted Answer

Julie's efforts to plan a surprise birthday party for her mother were met with hostility and anger. Her mother's reaction is likely to make her feel inferior and like she has failed in her attempt to make her mother happy. This could result in feelings of inadequacy and a sense of inferiority.

Question 19

_____ reasoning is the highest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, postconventional reasoning is the highest level. At this stage, moral decisions are based on a personal set of ethical principles that may transcend societal norms and values. It involves a greater focus on individual rights, justice, and human dignity.

Question 20

Melanie loves art class and she usually gets very good grades from her fifth grade art teacher,Annette Atkins.Annette recently recommended Melanie's name for an interschool art competition that she is sure Melanie can win.Melanie,who is usually confident,is experiencing feelings of anxiety ahead of the competition.She is also preparing for the competition and envisioning herself winning the prize to make her parents proud.This represents Melanie's capacity to understand that

Accepted Answer

Melanie's experience of both the positive emotion of excitement about the competition and the negative emotion of anxiety about it illustrates her capacity to understand that more than one emotion can be experienced in a particular situation. This is an important aspect of emotional intelligence. Option B is incorrect because there is no indication that Melanie is dealing with rules or boundaries. Option C is incorrect because it is not necessary to hide negative emotions. Option D is incorrect because there is no indication that Melanie is making any type of moral judgment.

Quiz 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood