Question 1

The _____ approach emphasizes that reading instruction should teach basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.

Accepted Answer

The phonics approach emphasizes teaching basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds, focusing on the relationship between letters and sounds. The other options - metalinguistic, whole-language, and language schematization - do not specifically focus on this aspect of reading instruction.

Question 2

Which individual is MOST likely to end up in a gifted program in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that non-Latino White students are overrepresented in gifted and talented programs in the United States, while underrepresented groups such as Latino, African American, and Native American students are less likely to be identified as gifted.

Question 3

The Flynn effect refers to the

Accepted Answer

The Flynn effect refers to the worldwide increase in intelligence test scores over time, with each generation scoring higher on average than the previous one. This effect has been observed across different cultures and is believed to be due to a combination of improved nutrition, education, and environmental stimulation.

Question 4

James has an IQ of 60.He lives in his own apartment,has a job,and supports himself.However,he often requires assistance with simple tasks such as cooking,shopping,and commuting.According to the definition of mental retardation,James is _____ retarded.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, intellectual disability is classified into four categories: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. Mild intellectual disability is characterized by an IQ score between 50-70, and individuals with this level of disability may be able to live independently but may require some level of support or assistance with daily living tasks. Therefore, based on the information given, James falls within the category of mild intellectual disability.

Question 5

Which of the following terms refers to the knowledge about language,such as knowing what a preposition is or the ability to discuss the sounds of a language?

Accepted Answer

Metalinguistic awareness refers to the ability to think about and analyze language, including knowledge about grammar, vocabulary, and phonology.

Question 6

Intellectual disability is a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has a low IQ,usually below _____ on a traditional intelligence test,and who has difficulty adapting to everyday life.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), intellectual disability is diagnosed when an individual has an IQ score below 70 on a standardized intelligence test, along with deficits in adaptive functioning (difficulties with daily living skills such as communication, social interaction, and self-care). Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 7

"Hannah has an IQ of 135.With that level of intelligence,I'm sure she'll be quite successful no matter what career she chooses." The speaker is

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Hannah has an IQ of 135.With that...

Question 8

Children with above-average intelligence-an IQ of 130 or higher-and/or a superior talent for something are called

Accepted Answer

The term commonly used for children with above-average intelligence and/or superior talent is "gifted". While "genius" may also be used, it is a more informal term and not commonly used in education or psychology. "Creative" and "mastery oriented" may be traits of gifted children, but they do not necessarily define the population as a whole.

Question 9

Basketball superstar Michael Jordan is most likely to score high on which of Gardner's types of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Michael Jordan's talent and success in basketball suggest a high level of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, which involves the ability to control one's body movements and handle objects skillfully.

Question 10

Organic retardation is caused by

Accepted Answer

Organic retardation is caused by a genetic disorder or brain damage. It is different from cultural-familial retardation which is caused by environmental factors like an impoverished intellectual environment or undernourishment during childhood. Traumatic experiences in early childhood can also have an impact on intellectual development but it does not fall under the category of organic retardation.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of gifted people?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that gifted people tend to have better emotional adjustment and fewer emotional problems than average. However, this does not mean that all gifted individuals are completely free from emotional challenges or mental health issues. A and C are incorrect because gifted individuals are not necessarily less mature or socially maladjusted. D is also incorrect because giftedness is not a mental disorder, but rather a cognitive ability.

Question 12

When teaching reading,the whole-language approach stresses that

Accepted Answer

The whole-language approach emphasizes that reading instruction should be similar to how children naturally learn language, through immersion and exposure to meaningful texts rather than just focusing on isolated phonetic skills.

Question 13

According to Gardner's eight frames of mind,which of the following persons is MOST likely to possess a high level of "interpersonal intelligence"?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and interact effectively with other people. Therefore, a mental health professional, who regularly deals with a variety of personalities and emotions, is most likely to possess a high level of interpersonal intelligence.

Question 14

A painter is most likely to score high on which of Gardner's types of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Spatial intelligence is about visualizing and manipulating objects in the mind. It involves the ability to generate mental images, to recognize patterns and designs, and to think creatively in three dimensions. For a painter, this type of intelligence is crucial in terms of planning and developing a composition, selecting colors and textures, and creating a sense of depth and perspective on a two-dimensional surface.

Question 15

The worldwide increase in intelligence test scores that has occurred over a short time frame has been called the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

The Flynn effect is the worldwide phenomenon where IQ scores have increased significantly over a short period of time, named after psychologist James Flynn who extensively researched this trend. The other answer choices refer to psychologists who have developed theories of multiple intelligences (Gardner), analytical intelligence (Sternberg), and cognitive processing speed (Brody), but these concepts do not directly relate to the increase in IQ scores observed in the Flynn effect.

Question 16

Amy is six years old and is playing the violin at a level equal to 15-year-olds.She enjoys learning but does not like to be told what to do.She has an ability to concentrate intensely.Amy is most likely

Accepted Answer

Amy's advanced level of playing the violin at the age of six and ability to concentrate intensely suggest that she is gifted. Her dislike of being told what to do could also be a sign of giftedness, as gifted individuals tend to prefer working independently and may feel frustrated by being held back or not challenged enough. There is no indication in the scenario that she is autistic or idiosyncratic, and being an average six-year-old would not explain her advanced musical abilities.

Question 17

Paul has an IQ of 72.He lives in his own apartment,has a job,and supports himself.He has an active social life with many friends with whom he goes bowling and goes out to eat frequently.According to the definition of mental retardation,Paul is _____ retarded.

Accepted Answer

The definition of intellectual disability (formerly known as mental retardation) is a significant limitation in intellectual functioning (IQ score below 70) and adaptive behavior. However, Paul has an IQ of 72, which means he does not meet the criterion for intellectual disability. Therefore, the best choice is B, not retarded.

Question 18

Jerry and Kathy are told that their child has _____.After doing some research,they discover that this type of retardation involves no brain damage and results from the normal variation of intelligence in people combined with growing up in a below-average intellectual environment.

Accepted Answer

Cultural-familial retardation is a type of mental retardation that occurs due to growing up in an environment with below-average intellectual stimulation. There is no associated brain damage or physical disability. This type of retardation is also referred to as socio-environmental retardation or environmental retardation. Therefore, option B is the correct answer choice. Option A (organic retardation) refers to mental retardation associated with physical brain damage or abnormalities. Option C (physical retardation) refers to general developmental delay, including physical, cognitive, and social development. Option D (environmental retardation) is another term for cultural-familial retardation but is not as commonly used in the field of psychology.

Question 19

The fraction of the variance in a population that is attributed to genetics is called

Accepted Answer

The term "heritability" specifically describes the proportion of the variance in a trait that is due to genetic differences among individuals in a population. It is often represented as a number between 0 and 1, where higher values indicate that genetics play a larger role in determining the trait. Choices B, C, and D are not commonly used terms in genetics or statistics.

Question 20

Individuals who are gifted tend to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals who are gifted tend to
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Quiz 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood