Question 1

What research method did Kohlberg use to develop his theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg used interviews with children as his primary research method to develop his theory of moral development. He presented children with hypothetical moral dilemmas and asked them questions about their reasoning behind their moral judgments. This allowed him to study the development of moral reasoning over time in individuals.

Question 2

In the study of moral development,developmentalists examine four domains.Which of the following is not a domain?

Accepted Answer

The four domains examined in the study of moral development are reasoning, behaving, feeling, and belonging. "Contrasting" is not a domain typically studied in this field.

Question 3

When considering the goodness of an act,what does an autonomous thinker focus on?

Accepted Answer

An autonomous thinker focuses on the intentions of the individual involved when considering the goodness of an act. They believe that intentions matter more than the outcomes or consequences of an action.

Question 4

Kirby's peer group always agrees that each of them should get 10 tries at hitting a pitched ball.When two younger children want to play,the group agrees that the younger kids should each get 20 tries.Kirby's group's behavior indicates

Accepted Answer

The group's decision to adjust the rules fairly for younger children, rather than sticking rigidly to a single rule for everyone, indicates autonomous thinking. This reflects an understanding of fairness and empathy, characteristics of autonomous moral reasoning.

Question 5

Jewel

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jewel
...

Question 6

Six-year-old Dylan was taught a card game in which aces are "wild." His friend suggests that they make all the eights wild as well.Dylan insists that this is impossible as only aces can be wild.Piaget would describe Dylan as being in the stage of ________ morality.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of moral development, the stage of heteronomous morality occurs in young children, around the ages of 4-7 years old. In this stage, children believe that rules are fixed and determined by authority figures, and violating rules leads to punishment. Dylan's insistence that only aces can be wild shows that he is thinking within the boundaries of a fixed rule, and is not yet able to consider the possibility of changing or adding rules. Therefore, Dylan is in the stage of heteronomous morality.

Question 7

Immanent justice is best thought of as ________ justice.

Accepted Answer

Immanent justice refers to the concept that punishment is received immediately or soon after committing an act of wrongdoing. It is not intrusive, intensive, or necessarily individual, but it is immediate. Therefore, the best choice is C, immediate.

Question 8

Piaget believed that children think in what two distinct ways about morality?

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that children think in two distinct ways about morality, namely heteronomous and autonomous. Heteronomous morality is characteristic of children aged 4 to 7 years, where they believe in rules being set externally and that consequences determine the rightness or wrongness of an action. Autonomous morality, on the other hand, is characteristic of children aged 10 and above, where they realize that moral rules are social agreements that can be changed and also understand that punishment does not always equate with wrongdoing.

Question 9

What is the first stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

The first stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development is preconventional reasoning, which occurs during childhood. In this stage, individuals make decisions based on avoiding punishment and receiving rewards. They also think in terms of their own self-interest and benefit, rather than considering the needs of others or following societal norms.

Question 10

Imagine that you visited Piaget when he was still alive,and a colleague told you that he was researching children's understanding of rules and moral development.Since you are familiar with Piaget's methods,where would you expect to find him?

Accepted Answer

Piaget would likely be observing children in a natural setting to study their understanding of rules and moral development. A school playground would provide an opportunity to observe children in a social environment where they would encounter various rules and moral dilemmas. The other options do not seem related to his research interests.

Question 11

Your best friend Jessica recently participated in a psychological study.When you ask her how it went,she says,"It was easy.I was just asked what I thought about some Heinz guy who stole drugs for a living." Jessica was in a study of moral development based on the methods of

Accepted Answer

The study that Jessica participated in involved questions about moral dilemmas, which is a hallmark of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Kohlberg's theory posits that individuals progress through six stages of moral development, each building upon the previous one in terms of the individual's level of complexity in moral reasoning. The study likely presented Jessica with a scenario based on Kohlberg's famous "Heinz Dilemma," in which Heinz must decide whether to steal a drug he cannot afford to save his dying wife's life. Jessica's responses would have been coded according to which stage of moral development she exhibited, based on the rationale she gave for her answers.

Question 12

A child is presented with a story in which someone has a conflict about whether or not to lie in a particular situation.The child is then asked to decide what is appropriate for the character to do and why.What domain of moral development is the researcher examining?

Accepted Answer

The researcher is examining the domain of reasoning in moral development, which involves the child's ability to reason about right and wrong, and how to resolve conflicts between competing moral considerations.

Question 13

At what Piagetian stage of moral development does a child believe in immanent justice?

Accepted Answer

Immanent justice is the belief that any rule violation will immediately result in punishment, and it is a characteristic of the heteronomous morality stage of Piagetian moral development.

Question 14

Ian has been told by his psychology instructor that cheating is forbidden.On his first exam,Ian is overcome by temptation and looks at the answer sheet of the person sitting next to him.Ian then begins to sweat in anticipation of the punishment that he believes the instructor is about to deliver.This behavior demonstrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

The behavior exhibited by Ian demonstrates the concept of immanent justice, which refers to the belief that people will inevitably be punished for their wrongdoing. Ian's sweating in anticipation of punishment shows that he believes in this concept. The other options (autonomous moral reasoning, postconventional thinking, and the care perspective) do not directly relate to Ian's behavior in this scenario.

Question 15

Who used moral dilemmas to study moral development?

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg used moral dilemmas, specifically the Heinz dilemma, to study moral development.

Question 16

Dr.Henry asks his subjects questions like,"How should teachers treat their students?" What is he likely to be interested in?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Henry's question on how teachers should treat their students suggests an interest in moral development, as he is likely exploring the principles or values that should guide a teacher's behavior towards their students. Androgyny refers to the combination of masculine and feminine traits, behaviorism to the study of observable behavior, and identification theory to the process of individuals adopting the attitudes and behaviors of others they identify with.

Question 17

The rules people use to interact with one another are part of

Accepted Answer

Morals are the principles and values that guide individuals' behaviors and decisions regarding what is right or wrong, good or bad. The rules people use to interact with one another often align with their personal morals or values.

Answer: B 
 Rapport talk refers to the types of conversation and language that people use to establish and maintain social connections and relationships. The rules people use to interact with one another can be considered a form of rapport talk, as they help build trust and understanding between individuals.

Answer: D 
 A self-schema is a mental structure that people use to organize their beliefs and knowledge about themselves. The rules people use to interact with one another may be a part of their self-schema, as they help define and reinforce their sense of identity and social role.

Question 18

After reading an article by Piaget,parents would be most likely to attempt to improve their child's level of moral reasoning by

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory emphasizes the importance of social interaction in the development of moral reasoning in children. He believed that through engaging with peers and discussing moral issues, children learn to understand and negotiate different perspectives, which enhances their moral development.

Question 19

Which best describes the reasoning of a child in the heteronomous morality stage?

Accepted Answer

In the heteronomous morality stage, a child believes that rules are fixed and given by authority figures, and cannot be changed. Therefore, the child's reasoning is based on the concept of absolute right and wrong. Choices A, B, and C do not reflect the reasoning of a child in this stage.

Question 20

When discussing the accomplishments of Jewell

Accepted Answer

Jewell's belief that work did not have to be shared equitably is false, as it contradicts the general ethos of fairness and support for equitable work distribution that is often associated with progressive educational or organizational philosophies.

Quiz 13: Moral Development