Question 1

A medical researcher reads an article in "Today's Health-Conscious Woman" magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain.She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for two weeks.At the end of the two weeks,the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved,stayed about the same,or worsened during the treatment period.After collecting responses from the people,the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor.Based on this information,which of the following statements is true?
A)The researcher reviewed scientific literature regarding the use of capsaicin to treat knee pain.
B)The researcher used a standard scientific design for research involving human subjects.
C)The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups.
D)The researcher subjected the results of her study to peer-review.

Accepted Answer

The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups, meaning there was no comparison group to determine if the results were due to the treatment or other factors. This makes it difficult to determine if the reported improvements were actually due to the capsaicin cream or simply the placebo effect. Therefore, the design of this study is not considered standard or rigorous in the world of scientific research.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?
A)People who develop side effects after taking dietary supplements can report their experiences to the GAO.
B)According to the legal definition developed by the FDA,a "dietary supplement" is a food that influences metabolism.
C)Dietary supplements may interact negatively with other substances a person takes.
D)Physicians and dietitians do not recommend dietary supplements for their patients.

Accepted Answer

Dietary supplements can interact with other medications or substances a person is taking, potentially causing harmful effects. It is important for individuals to talk to their healthcare provider before starting any new supplement. A is incorrect because people should report their experiences to the FDA, not the GAO. B is incorrect because the legal definition of a dietary supplement is "a product taken by mouth that contains a dietary ingredient intended to supplement the diet," not necessarily affecting metabolism. D is incorrect because some physicians and dietitians may recommend specific supplements for certain health conditions.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?
A)The FDA can recall a dietary supplements when there is evidence that it is harmful.
B)Manufacturers of dietary supplements must inform the FTC about negative health reports that may have resulted from the use of their products.
C)Medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed.
D)The EPA regulates the labeling of dietary supplements.

Accepted Answer

The FDA has the authority to recall a dietary supplement from the market when there is evidence that it poses a significant public health risk. However, unlike prescription drugs, dietary supplements are not required to undergo pre-market approval by the FDA, and they do not need to meet the same safety and efficacy standards as drugs. Therefore, it is important for consumers to be cautious when using dietary supplements and to consult a healthcare provider before taking them. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect current laws and regulations for dietary supplements. Manufacturers of dietary supplements are not required to report negative health reports to the FTC, medicinal herbs are not required to undergo testing by the FDA for safety and effectiveness, and the EPA does not regulate the labeling of dietary supplements.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Dietary supplements can be recalled if the products contain kava,lysine,or glucosamine.
B)Dietary supplements can include substances that are spread on the skin or injected into the body.
C)Consumers can report negative health reports that may have resulted from their use of dietary supplements to the FDA.
D)Medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Consumers can report negative health reports that may have resulted from their use of dietary supplements to the FDA. This is important for tracking any potential adverse effects and assessing the safety of the supplement in question. The other statements are not entirely accurate. While some dietary supplements may be recalled if they are found to contain harmful substances, not all supplements containing kava, lysine, or glucosamine are automatically recalled. Dietary supplements should not include substances that are meant to be applied to the skin or injected into the body. Medicinal herbs are not required to undergo testing by the FDA before being marketed, though there are regulations governing their use and labeling.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings.
B)Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one team of nutrition researchers.
C)When interpreting results of their studies,researchers generally seek to include some bias into their analyses.
D)Since 1970,nutrition information has undergone few updates,because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions.

Accepted Answer

Scientific studies can have different findings due to a variety of factors such as study design, sample size, and interpretation of results. Therefore, it is important to consider multiple studies on a topic before drawing conclusions.

Answer: None of the other choices are true.

Choice B is incorrect because dietary recommendations are typically based on a consensus of multiple studies and guidelines from health organizations. Choice C is incorrect because researchers strive to minimize bias in their analyses. Choice D is incorrect because nutrition science is constantly evolving and new discoveries are made regularly, leading to updates in nutrition information.

Question 6

After reviewing the results of a patient's medical tests,a physician tells the patient that her mild back pain is not caused by a serious problem,and she can try acupuncture and massage therapy to relieve the discomfort.Based on this information,the physician's advice indicates that he
A)is a typical conventional medical practitioner.
B)practices integrative medicine.
C)practices quackery.
D)is from an Asian country.

Accepted Answer

The physician is recommending both conventional treatments (acupuncture) and complementary/alternative therapies (massage therapy), which is a characteristic of integrative medicine. This approach considers the patient as a whole person and seeks to combine different approaches to provide the best care possible.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is false?
A)Disclaimers are clues that a product is not likely to live up to your expectations or the manufacturer's claims.
B)A person with a PhD who promotes drinking vinegar as the cure for lung cancer is practicing quackery.
C)The RDN credential is legally protected.
D)According to scientific research,most dietary supplements provide considerable health benefits.

Accepted Answer

According to scientific research, not all dietary supplements provide considerable health benefits, and some may even be harmful. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking any supplements.

Question 8

A group of registered dietitians is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior.At first,the researchers will
A)gather data.
B)identify relationships between variables.
C)make observations.
D)analyze the hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The researchers will need to make observations in order to establish a baseline for the children's behavior before introducing honey into their diet. This will help them determine the effects of honey on the children's behavior during the study period.

Question 9

Researchers at a major American university plan a 10-year scientific study to investigate lifestyle factors that contribute to heart disease.Which of the following activities is likely to be a component of their research efforts?
A)Contacting the local news station to report their findings
B)Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journal
C)Posting significant findings at the main researcher's Internet web site
D)Establishing a place for the subjects to live for the duration of the study.

Accepted Answer

Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journal is likely to be a component of their research efforts as it is a common way for researchers to share their findings with other professionals in their field and receive feedback on their work.

Additionally, options A, C, and D are not as relevant to the actual research process but may be considered as methods of dissemination or participant management.

Question 10

A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of obesity.Which of the following activities is not likely to be a component of their research efforts?
A)Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journal
B)Posting findings at the main researcher's Internet web site
C)Collecting data and analyzing results
D)Making observations and formulating a hypothesis

Accepted Answer

Posting findings at the main researcher's Internet web site would not be a component of their research efforts, as this is not a standard practice for publishing scientific research. The other options (submitting an article to a peer-reviewed journal, collecting data and analyzing results, making observations and formulating a hypothesis) are all typical components of scientific research efforts.

Question 11

Which of the following practices is an example of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?
A)Visiting a chiropractor to have a spinal treatment
B)Taking aspirin to reduce inflammation.
C)Having surgery to remove a cancerous tumor.
D)Consuming foods that contain niacin to treat pellagra.

Accepted Answer

Visiting a chiropractor to have a spinal treatment is an example of CAM, as it is considered an alternative approach to traditional medicine. Options B, C, and D are all examples of conventional medical treatments.

Question 12

A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups.To test their hypothesis,the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices.This research is a(n)_____ study.
A)retrospective
B)case-control
C)prospective
D)hypothetical

Accepted Answer

This research is a retrospective study because it involves looking back at past dietary practices to understand their relationship with current hypertension rates among different ethnic/racial groups.

Question 13

According to the observations of a nutrition scientist,laboratory mice are healthier when their diet contains physiological levels of vitamin D than when their diet lacks the micronutrient.The scientist hypothesizes that mice will be less likely to develop cancer when they consume a diet that supplies megadoses of vitamin D.Based on this information,the scientist is ready to
A)plan a retrospective study involving at least 5,000 laboratory mice to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice.
B)set up an experimental epidemiological study to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice.
C)design a double-blind study to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice.
D)conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice.

Accepted Answer

The best choice is to conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice. This will allow the scientist to control for variables and isolate the effects of vitamin D on cancer development in mice. Options A, B, and C involve different types of studies, but a controlled laboratory experiment would provide the most reliable results for testing this hypothesis.

Question 14

Which of the following practices is an example of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?
A)Having surgery to repair a torn tendon
B)Consuming St.John's wort to improve mood
C)Taking an aspirin to relieve a headache
D)Using a prescription antibiotic to treat a skin infection

Accepted Answer

Consuming St. John's wort is an example of CAM, as it is an herbal supplement often used to improve mood, but is not typically prescribed by medical doctors as a primary treatment. A, C, and D are not examples of CAM, as they involve traditional medical treatments such as surgery, over-the-counter medication, or prescription medication.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?
A)A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings.
B)The results of one study are usually enough to convince the majority of nutrition scientists to adopt new ideas about nutrition-related topics.
C)Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one well-respected team of nutrition researchers.
D)Since 1995,nutrition information has undergone few updates,because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions.

Accepted Answer

A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings. This is because the funding and affiliations may have certain biases or expectations that can influence the research findings. It is important to consider potential conflicts of interest when evaluating scientific research. The other options are not true - the results of one study are not enough to change scientific consensus, dietary recommendations are based on numerous studies from different research teams, and nutrition research is constantly evolving and updating with new discoveries.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Physicians and dietitians do not recommend dietary supplements for their patients.
B)According to the legal definition developed by the FDA,a "dietary supplement" is a food that influences metabolism.
C)People who develop side effects after taking dietary supplements can report their experiences to the GAO.
D)Before taking a dietary supplement,people should determine whether the product is necessary and safe.

Accepted Answer

Before taking any dietary supplement, it is important for individuals to assess whether the product is necessary and safe for their specific needs and health status. This includes consulting with a healthcare professional and researching the potential side effects and interactions with other medications or supplements. A and B are false statements, and while C is technically true, it is not directly relevant to the importance of assessing safety and necessity before taking supplements.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Since 1970,nutrition information has undergone few updates,because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions.
B)Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one team of nutrition researchers.
C)The results of one study are usually enough to convince nutrition scientists to adopt new ideas about nutrition-related topics.
D)It is not unusual for similar studies,especially those involving human subjects,to have different findings.

Accepted Answer

Studies involving human subjects can have various factors that can affect the results, such as differences in the participants' physiology and lifestyle. Therefore, it is not unusual for similar studies to arrive at different conclusions.

Question 18

_____ can be classified as a dietary supplement.
A)Chewing tobacco
B)Gingko biloba
C)Cherry jelly
D)Orange drink

Accepted Answer

Gingko biloba is a natural herbal supplement commonly used to improve cognitive health, memory and circulation.

Question 19

After examining a patient and reviewing the results of his blood tests,a physician tells the patient that his mild depressive symptoms are not the result of a serious health problem.The physician suggests that the patient should try regular exercise and take the dietary supplement St.John's wort for three months.After this period,the physician will prescribe antidepressant medication,if the patient does not feel emotionally better.This advice is
A)quackery and medically irresponsible.
B)an indication that the physician practices integrative medicine.
C)unreliable because the physician is not considering alternative methods of treating the patient's mental illness.
D)typical for a conventional medical practitioner.

Accepted Answer

The physician's advice to try exercise and St. John's wort before prescribing medication indicates an integrative approach, combining conventional and alternative treatments.

Question 20

A scientist discovers a chemical compound in certain rocks that she calls "stonia." She cannot market extracts that contain stonia as a dietary supplement,because it
A)has to receive a U.S.patent before the FDA will approve its use.
B)does not contain dietary ingredients.
C)must first undergo scientific testing to determine its effectiveness.
D)contains more than one kind of natural material.

Accepted Answer

According to the regulations set by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994, a dietary supplement must contain one or more dietary ingredients, such as vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, or other botanicals. Since stonia is a chemical compound found in rocks and does not contain any dietary ingredients, it cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement.

Quiz 2: Evaluating Nutrition Information

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

After reviewing the results of a patient's medical tests,a physician tells the patient that her mild back pain is not caused by a serious problem,and she can try acupuncture and massage therapy to relieve the discomfort.Based on this information,the physician's advice indicates that he

Which of the following statements is false?

A group of registered dietitians is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior.At first,the researchers will

Researchers at a major American university plan a 10-year scientific study to investigate lifestyle factors that contribute to heart disease.Which of the following activities is likely to be a component of their research efforts?

A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of obesity.Which of the following activities is not likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Which of the following practices is an example of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) ?

Which of the following practices is an example of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) ?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

_____ can be classified as a dietary supplement.

A scientist discovers a chemical compound in certain rocks that she calls "stonia." She cannot market extracts that contain stonia as a dietary supplement,because it