Question 1

Anthropologists researching the effects of development at the local level are able to identify inadequacies that may not be evident to economists working at national and global levels.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists have a more localized perspective and are able to identify specific cultural, social, and environmental impacts of development that may not be captured by national or global economic analyses.

Question 2

What does it mean to say that an economic development project is culturally compatible? What are the advantages of ensuring that projects are culturally compatible?

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Question 3

How might a premedical student apply some of the knowledge learned in anthropology courses as a physician?

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Question 4

Human societies are becoming increasingly urban.What are (or will be) some of the effects of increased urbanization? Where are these effects most pronounced? What contributions can applied anthropologists make to urban planning?

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Question 5

Discuss the reasons why many anthropologists have turned from academic to applied work.

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Question 6

What is the relationship between theory and practice in anthropology? Do you agree that applied anthropology should be recognized as a separate subdiscipline? How is it different from the traditional subfields of anthropology?

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Question 7

What is the fallacy of underdifferentiation? What are some possible alternatives to it?

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Question 8

Indicate your career plans, if known, and describe how you might apply the knowledge you learned in an introductory anthropology course in your future vocation.If you have not yet chosen a career, pick one of the following: economist, engineer, diplomat, architect, or elementary schoolteacher.Why is it important to understand the culture and social organization of the people who will be affected by your work?

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Question 9

There is considerable debate today over whether governments should or should not require schools to provide bilingual education for students, and if so, how this could best be accomplished.Pretend you are an anthropologist that a school board in a bilingual community has asked to provide some guidance on this issue.What might you tell the school board about the relationships between students' social, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds and their potential for success in school?

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Question 10

What are some of the things that applied anthropologists in each of the four subdisciplines do? What types of settings do they work in, with whom do they collaborate, and on what issues do they focus?

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Question 11

Development anthropology refers to the branch of anthropology that uses data collected in local settings to formulate theories about the development of culture through time.

Accepted Answer

Development anthropology focuses on applying anthropological methods and insights to solve practical problems in development projects, rather than formulating theories about cultural development over time.

Question 12

According to Kottak, what is a common problem for international development projects?

Accepted Answer

According to Kottak, a common problem for international development projects is that they often assume that the best way to increase production and income is through industrialization. They tend to prioritize industrialization without considering the cultural and environmental impacts.

Question 13

Discuss the major advantages and disadvantages of scientific medicine and other health care systems (be careful to distinguish between scientific medicine and Western medicine per se).

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Question 14

Discuss ways in which anthropology is relevant to business.

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Question 15

What is overinnovation, and why can it undermine development projects?

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Question 16

Development projects are much more likely to succeed if they are based on traditional social organizations and respond to locally perceived needs.

Accepted Answer

Development projects that take into account the existing social structures and address the actual needs of the local communities are more likely to be successful, as they are better integrated and accepted by the people they aim to help. This approach recognizes the cultural and social context in which development takes place, and ensures that solutions are appropriate, sustainable, and well-received. In contrast, projects that do not consider local realities and impose external models and ideas are often met with resistance or fail to achieve their desired outcomes.

Question 17

Development projects that assume all "less-developed countries" are alike

Accepted Answer

Assuming all less-developed countries are alike is a common pitfall in development projects. It overlooks the unique cultural, political, economic, and social contexts of each country, making it difficult for development projects to cater to local needs and priorities. Therefore, such projects have only limited chances of succeeding.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about applied anthropology is not true?

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true as applied anthropology has been a concern in the discipline since its origin and not a recently developed subfield.

Question 19

The original marketing strategy of McDonald's in Brazil

Accepted Answer

The original marketing strategy of McDonald's in Brazil was to try to Americanize Brazilian eating habits, promoting the fast food and convenience of McDonald's. This included using English in their advertising and emphasizing the modern and urban lifestyle associated with American brands. However, over time, they adapted to Brazilian preferences and tastes by introducing local favorites like pão de queijo (cheese bread) and guaraná (a Brazilian soda).

Question 20

In a comparative study of sixty-eight development projects, Kottak determined that

Accepted Answer

Kottak found that culturally compatible projects were twice as successful as incompatible ones, indicating that understanding and respecting local culture is an important factor in the success of development projects. No other development model or bloc was identified as the most successful. The options in choices A, C, D, and E are not supported by the information provided.

Quiz 12: The World System and Colonialism