Question 1

Leaders,as compared to managers,tend to assess their followers' performance
A)Less in terms of personal criteria
B)More in terms of specific criteria
C)Less in terms of holistic criteria
D)More in terms of idiosyncratic criteria

Accepted Answer

Leaders often assess performance based on unique, individual characteristics and contributions, which is referred to as idiosyncratic criteria.

Question 2

As per the California Psychological Inventory,the lower scores for women with regard to their ratings of general well-being may reflect
A)The inadequacy of their support system for dealing with day-to-day issues of living
B)Their commitment to the organizations they work for is more guarded than that of men
C)Their willingness to take career risks associated with going to new areas of a company
D)The equally analytical,people-oriented,forceful nature of women the same as men

Accepted Answer

The California Psychological Inventory suggests that lower scores for women with regard to their ratings of general well-being may reflect the inadequacy of their support system for dealing with day-to-day issues of living. Women may take on multiple roles in their personal and professional lives and may not have adequate support to manage the demands of these roles. Therefore, women may experience more stress and lower well-being scores compared to men. Options B, C, and D are unrelated to the question of general well-being and do not reflect the findings of the California Psychological Inventory.

Question 3

Which of the following factors least prevents women from advancing to corporate leadership?
A)Women not being in the pipeline long enough
B)Exclusion from informal networks
C)Inhospitable corporate culture
D)Lack of significant line experience

Accepted Answer

Women not being in the pipeline long enough is often not the primary reason for their lack of advancement; other factors like exclusion from networks, inhospitable culture, and lack of line experience are more significant barriers.

Question 4

Leaders
A)Tend to accept the definitions of situations presented to them
B)Encourage growth and development in their followers in ways broader than mere job training
C)Emphasize routinization and control of followers' behavior
D)Motivate followers more with extrinsic,even contractual consequences,both positive and negative

Accepted Answer

Leaders who encourage growth and development in their followers are exhibiting transformational leadership, which is associated with higher levels of motivation and performance among followers. A, C, and D describe more transactional leadership styles, which are more focused on maintaining the status quo and reinforcing behaviors through rewards and punishments.

Question 5

Leaders who are appointed by superiors
A)Need to be sensitive to their constituencies
B)Always have credibility with subordinates
C)Are better able to influence a group toward goal achievement
D)Have the loyalty of the organization's subordinates

Accepted Answer

Leaders who are appointed by superiors need to be sensitive to their constituencies because they are not elected by the people they lead. They need to be able to build relationships with their constituents and understand their needs in order to be effective leaders.

Question 6

All the following are reasons for dynamic changes in leader-follower relationship,except
A)Companies' downsizing increasing managers' span of control
B)Increasing pressure on all kinds of organizations to function with reduced resources
C)A decentralized authority in organizations
D)A trend toward lesser power sharing in organizations

Accepted Answer

The other three options (A, B, and C) all suggest situations where there may be a need for dynamic changes in leader-follower relationships, as managers may need to adjust to new demands and constraints. However, option D is the opposite - if there is a trend toward lesser power sharing, this may suggest a more rigid, hierarchical structure that does not allow for the same kind of flexibility and dynamism in leader-follower relationships.

Question 7

What term did Rosener coin to describe how some women leaders encouraged participation and shared power and information,but went far beyond what is commonly thought of as participative management?
A)Autocratic leadership
B)Laissez faire leadership
C)Interactive leadership
D)Transactional leadership

Accepted Answer

Rosener coined the term "interactive leadership" to describe how some women leaders encouraged participation and shared power and information, but went beyond what is commonly thought of as participative management.

Question 8

Encouraging innovation,growth and development and redefined tasks and responsibilities best describes a
A)Leader
B)Manager
C)Manager in a later stage of development
D)Leader-manager integrated role

Accepted Answer

Leaders are typically associated with encouraging innovation, growth, and development, as well as redefining tasks and responsibilities to inspire and motivate their teams.

Question 9

According to a recent study,one of the general factors that explains the shift toward more women leaders is that women themselves have changed.How is this evident?
A)A trend toward less stereotypically masculine characterizations of leadership
B)Women's aspirations and attitudes have become more similar to those of men over time
C)A legislation prohibiting gender-based discrimination at work
D)Changes in organizational norms that put a higher priority on results than an "old boy" network

Accepted Answer

The study suggests that women themselves have changed by having aspirations and attitudes that are more similar to those of men over time. This is evident in the shift toward more women leaders.

Question 10

The change in organizational practices can be attributed to
A)Appointing women to leadership positions,which is a departure from past practices
B)The fact that womens' attitudes have become similar to those of men
C)Womens' self-reports of traits such as assertiveness
D)Legislation prohibiting gender-based discrimination at work

Accepted Answer

Legislation prohibiting gender-based discrimination at work has played a significant role in changing organizational practices towards gender equality. It has made it mandatory for organizations to provide equal opportunities and treatment to all employees, regardless of gender. This has led to the development of policies and procedures that promote gender equality in the workplace. The other options may also have some influence, but legislation is the most significant factor in the change.

Question 11

According to popular literature and some social scientific literature of the role of women in management,women are depicted as leaders who,when compared to men,are
A)Less competitive
B)Less empathic
C)More analytical
D)More people-oriented

Accepted Answer

Women are often described as being more people-oriented and relationship-focused than men in management. This stereotype suggests that women are better at nurturing their teams and creating a supportive working environment. However, it is important to note that not all women fit this stereotype, and there is a great deal of diversity among female leaders.

Question 12

Schein's classic study of sex roles
A)Evidenced the fact that being a woman and being a manager are a contradiction in terms
B)Found a high correlation between the ways both male and female respondents perceived "female" and "manager"
C)Demonstrated how bias in sex role stereotypes created problems for women moving up through managerial roles
D)Found no correlation between the ways the respondents perceived "males" and managers"

Accepted Answer

Schein's study demonstrated how bias in sex role stereotypes created problems for women moving up through managerial roles. It did not address the contradiction between being a woman and being a manager, nor did it find any correlation between the ways respondents perceived "males" and managers. However, it did find a high correlation between the ways both male and female respondents perceived "female" and "manager".

Question 13

Leaders redefine the parameters of tasks and responsibilities,both for individual followers and for the entire group by all the following ways except
A)Taking a short-term perspective
B)Actively change the situations they are in
C)Through accentuating critical values
D)By marshaling energy to cope with some new threat

Accepted Answer

Taking a short-term perspective does not redefine the parameters of tasks and responsibilities. It may only provide a temporary solution without addressing the underlying issues.

Question 14

Most male CEOs attribute the paucity of women in corporate leadership roles to which of the following?
A)Exclusion from informal networks
B)Women not in pipeline long enough
C)Male stereotyping and preconceptions
D)Inadequacies in the quality of experience for the top spots

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most male CEOs attribute the paucity of...

Question 15

According to a survey research by Judith Rosener,in terms of their leadership experiences,
A)Women tended to describe themselves in transactional terms
B)Men tended to describe themselves in somewhat transformational terms
C)Men influenced others primarily in terms of personal characteristics
D)Women helped subordinates develop commitment for broader goals than their own self-interest

Accepted Answer

According to the survey research by Judith Rosener, women tended to help subordinates develop commitment for broader goals than their own self-interest, which is a characteristic of transformational leadership. Men, on the other hand, tended to describe themselves in somewhat transactional or personal characteristic terms, which is not as transformative.

Question 16

A trend toward less stereotypically masculine characterizations of leadership is representative of the fact that
A)Leadership roles have changed
B)Women themselves have changed
C)Organizational practices have changed
D)Culture has changed

Accepted Answer

The answer of A trend toward less stereotypically masculine characterizations...

Question 17

The symbolic message often intended by appointment of women to important leadership positions is evidence of the fact that
A)Culture has changed
B)Women themselves have changed
C)Leadership roles have changed
D)Organizational practices have changed

Accepted Answer

The appointment of women to important leadership positions is a symbolic message that culture has changed. This is because it reflects a shift in societal norms and values regarding gender roles and the belief that women can effectively lead in various fields. It is not necessarily an indication that women themselves or leadership roles in general have fundamentally changed, but rather a recognition that cultural attitudes towards women in leadership have shifted. Additionally, while organizational practices may be influenced by these cultural shifts, they are not necessarily the primary driver of women's increasing representation in leadership positions.

Question 18

What is the major factor that prevents senior female executives from advancing to corporate leadership?
A)Lack of significant general management
B)Male stereotyping and preconceptions
C)Inhospitable corporate culture
D)Exclusion from informal networks

Accepted Answer

Male stereotyping and preconceptions often create barriers for senior female executives, limiting their advancement to corporate leadership roles.

Question 19

Women leaders' interactive leadership style developed
A)Due to their socialization experiences and career paths
B)Because of exchanges with subordinates for services rendered
C)By influencing others primarily through their organizational position and authority
D)Because of their organizational position

Accepted Answer

Women may have been socialized to develop more collaborative and communicative skills, which can translate into an interactive leadership style. Additionally, their career paths may have provided more opportunities for developing skills in team-building and interpersonal relationships.

Question 20

Leaders
A)Work hard for cooperation
B)Give clear direction
C)Give overlapping and ambiguous assignments
D)Focus on control and results

Accepted Answer

The answer of Leaders
A)Work hard for cooperation
B)Give clear direction
C)Give overlapping...

Quiz 2: Leadership Involves an Interaction Between the Leader, the Followers, and the Situation

Leaders,as compared to managers,tend to assess their followers' performance

As per the California Psychological Inventory,the lower scores for women with regard to their ratings of general well-being may reflect

Which of the following factors least prevents women from advancing to corporate leadership?

Leaders

Leaders who are appointed by superiors

All the following are reasons for dynamic changes in leader-follower relationship,except

What term did Rosener coin to describe how some women leaders encouraged participation and shared power and information,but went far beyond what is commonly thought of as participative management?

Encouraging innovation,growth and development and redefined tasks and responsibilities best describes a

According to a recent study,one of the general factors that explains the shift toward more women leaders is that women themselves have changed.How is this evident?

The change in organizational practices can be attributed to

According to popular literature and some social scientific literature of the role of women in management,women are depicted as leaders who,when compared to men,are

Schein's classic study of sex roles

Leaders redefine the parameters of tasks and responsibilities,both for individual followers and for the entire group by all the following ways except

Most male CEOs attribute the paucity of women in corporate leadership roles to which of the following?

According to a survey research by Judith Rosener,in terms of their leadership experiences,

A trend toward less stereotypically masculine characterizations of leadership is representative of the fact that

The symbolic message often intended by appointment of women to important leadership positions is evidence of the fact that

What is the major factor that prevents senior female executives from advancing to corporate leadership?

Women leaders' interactive leadership style developed

Leaders