Question 1

The ____________ nervous system cannot be controlled by conscious thought.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing, which are not under conscious thought or control. The motor and voluntary nervous systems are both under conscious control, while the central nervous system refers to the brain and spinal cord as a whole and does not pertain to the control of conscious thought.

Question 2

Cells that insulate and speed impulse conduction down neurons in the PNS are

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells are the cells that insulate and speed impulse conduction down neurons in the PNS. Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath where the axon is exposed, and astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are glial cells found in the CNS.

Question 3

Two senses that are able to detect chemicals in air and in food are

Accepted Answer

Taste and smell are the two senses that can detect chemicals in food and air. Taste buds can detect chemicals in food while olfactory receptors in the nose can detect chemicals in the air we breathe.

Question 4

Cilia from sensory cells that detect motion are located within the

Accepted Answer

Cilia from sensory cells that detect motion are located within the semicircular canals of the inner ear. These structures are responsible for detecting rotational movements of the head and maintaining balance.

Question 5

______________ nerves carry impulses away from the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Motor nerves carry impulses away from the central nervous system, controlling the action of muscles and glands. Sensory nerves, on the other hand, carry impulses towards the central nervous system, relaying information about sensations such as touch and pain. Afferent is another term for sensory nerves, while involuntary pertains to the automatic control of bodily functions and is not related to the direction of nerve impulses.

Question 6

The fact that synapses can be excitatory or inhibitory results in a process known as

Accepted Answer

The ability of synapses to either excite or inhibit a neuron allows for the integration of multiple signals and stimuli. This integration ultimately determines whether the neuron will fire an action potential or not.

Question 7

The human brain's center for thought and association is the

Accepted Answer

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and controls most of the brain's functions, including thought and association. The cerebellum is responsible for motor control and coordination, the hypothalamus regulates basic bodily functions such as hunger and thirst, and the thalamus processes sensory information.

Question 8

The light-detecting visual pigment complex found in human photoreceptors is called

Accepted Answer

Rhodopsin is the light-detecting visual pigment complex found in human photoreceptors. Carotene is a plant pigment that has no role in human vision. Umami is a taste sensation that is detected by specific receptors on the tongue. The hippocampus is a brain structure involved in memory formation and retrieval, but not in vision.

Question 9

The corpus callosum connects the two halves of the

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is a band of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum, which is the largest and most developed part of the brain responsible for consciousness, thought, emotion, and movement. The other options (brainstem, thalamus, and cerebellum) are all structures located within the brain, but they do not connect the two hemispheres.

Question 10

The brain center for information processing and integrating the internal activities of the body is the

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is the brain center responsible for information processing and integrating the internal activities of the body. It is responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger and thirst, sleep cycles, and the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

Question 11

A nerve impulse is initiated when

Accepted Answer

A nerve impulse is initiated when physical disruption of the cell membrane causes sodium channels to open, allowing an influx of sodium ions into the cell, resulting in depolarization of the membrane potential.

Question 12

The sharpest vision occurs at the ___________ where the concentration of cones is highest.

Accepted Answer

The fovea is the area of the retina where the concentration of cones is highest, leading to the sharpest vision. The area of the retina closest to the lens at the front of the eye (A) is the cornea and does not have a high concentration of cones. The optic nerve (B) is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain and does not contribute to visual acuity. Parallax (D) is a measurement technique used in astronomy and does not relate to vision acuity.

Question 13

The light that passes through the pupil is focused by the lens on the

Accepted Answer

The retina is the layer at the back of the eye that is responsible for sensing light and converting it into neural signals that are sent to the brain for processing. The lens helps to focus the light onto the retina, and the pupil controls the amount of light that enters the eye. The iris is the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil, and the sclera is the white outer layer of the eye. The choroid is a layer of tissue between the retina and the sclera that contains blood vessels and helps to nourish the retina.

Question 14

There are _____ kinds of cone cells that allow us to see colors.

Accepted Answer

There are three types of cone cells (red, green, and blue) that allow us to see colors.

Question 15

The major site of sensory processing in the brain is the

Accepted Answer

The thalamus is considered to be the major site of sensory processing in the brain. It receives sensory information from various parts of the body and relays it to the appropriate cortical areas for further processing.

Question 16

A large enough,localized "depolarization" in a neuron first causes nearby ____________ channels to open.

Accepted Answer

A large enough, localized "depolarization" in a neuron is known as an action potential. This causes nearby voltage-gated sodium channels to open, allowing sodium ions to rush into the neuron, resulting in further depolarization and the propagation of the action potential.

Question 17

Which of the following is not typically associated with the right half of the cerebrum?

Accepted Answer

Speech is typically associated with the left hemisphere of the cerebrum, not the right.

Question 18

The ____________ is responsible for deep-seated emotions,including sex,hunger,thirst,pain,anger,and pleasure.

Accepted Answer

The limbic system is responsible for deep-seated emotions, including sex, hunger, thirst, pain, anger, and pleasure. The brainstem is responsible for basic involuntary functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination. The pituitary gland is part of the endocrine system and is responsible for hormone regulation.

Question 19

The _________________ is a network of nerves running through several areas of the brain,and is responsible for sleep and wakefulness.

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is a network of nerves running through several areas of the brainstem, including the medulla, pons, and midbrain. It is responsible for regulating sleep and wakefulness, among other functions.

Question 20

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which forms an excitatory synapse in ____ muscle and an inhibitory synapse in _____ muscle.

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine forms an excitatory synapse in skeletal muscle, facilitating muscle contraction, and an inhibitory synapse in cardiac muscle, where it slows heart rate.

Quiz 29: The Nervous System