Question 1

Assisted Reproductive Technologies are typically not covered by health insurance.

Accepted Answer

Most health insurances do not cover assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and other fertility treatments, making them costly for individuals and couples who need them. However, some insurance plans may cover certain aspects of infertility diagnosis and treatment, so it's important to check with your insurance provider.

Question 2

Savior siblings born using ARTs have provided needed transplants for ailing siblings.

Accepted Answer

Savior siblings are created using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) such as IVF and PGD to ensure they are a good genetic match for their older sibling who has a life-threatening illness. They can be born to provide needed transplants for their ailing sibling.

Question 3

A woman who is infertile because she lacks ovaries would benefit most from

Accepted Answer

Embryo adoption would be the best choice for a woman who is infertile because she lacks ovaries. This involves the implantation of an embryo into the woman's uterus, which has been donated by another couple who has undergone IVF and has frozen their extra embryos. Since the woman lacks ovaries, she cannot produce her own eggs and therefore cannot undergo IVF or GIFT. Intrauterine insemination would also not be effective since there would be no eggs for the sperm to fertilize. ZIFT would require the woman to have functioning ovaries so that the eggs can be removed and fertilized in the lab before being transferred back to the uterus.

Question 4

A surrogate mother can help couples have a child when the woman does not have a functional

Accepted Answer

A surrogate mother is often used when a woman is unable to carry a pregnancy because she does not have a functional uterus, either due to a medical condition or because it has been surgically removed. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 5

A factor that lowers the likelihood of success when using IVF is

Accepted Answer

Advanced maternal age is a factor that lowers the likelihood of success when using IVF because the quality and quantity of eggs decreases as women age, making it harder to achieve a successful pregnancy.

Question 6

The procedure in which fertilization takes place in a laboratory dish and the resulting zygote is placed in the woman's uterine tube is called

Accepted Answer

The procedure described is called Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT), also sometimes referred to as Tubal Embryo Transfer (TET). GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer) involves placing both sperm and eggs in the woman's uterine tube, rather than already fertilized zygotes. Embryo transfer is a more general term used to describe the placement of embryos in a woman's uterus, which can be done with a variety of techniques. RhoGAM is a medication used to prevent complications in Rh-negative pregnant women.

Question 7

A procedure that places an oocyte and sperm in a culture dish,allows a few cell divisions,and then places the resulting very early embryo in the oocyte donor's uterus is

Accepted Answer

In vitro fertilization (IVF) involves combining an oocyte and sperm in a culture dish, allowing fertilization and early cell divisions, and then transferring the early embryo into the uterus.

Question 8

Which of the following techniques is most likely to lead to heteroplasmy?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasmic donation involves the transfer of cytoplasm (which contains mitochondria) from a donor egg to a recipient egg. This can lead to heteroplasmy, which is the presence of different mitochondrial DNA sequences in a single individual, if some mitochondria from the donor egg are not replaced by those of the recipient egg. Embryo adoption, oocyte donation, and in vitro fertilization do not typically involve the transfer of cytoplasm and therefore are less likely to lead to heteroplasmy.

Question 9

A woman who has a baby via embryo adoption is her child's

Accepted Answer

The woman who has a baby via embryo adoption is the gestational mother only because she carries and gives birth to the child but is not genetically related to them. The embryos used in this process are created using the genetic material of the biological parents but are then donated to another couple or individual for implantation and gestation.

Question 10

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)screens _____ for genetic disorders.

Accepted Answer

PGD screens early embryos for genetic disorders by analyzing a small sample of cells taken from the embryo before it is implanted in the uterus. This allows couples who are carriers of genetic diseases to select embryos that do not carry the disease before they are transferred for pregnancy. PGD can also be used for non-medical reasons, such as selecting embryos for gender or physical traits.

Question 11

In gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT),fertilization occurs in

Accepted Answer

In gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), fertilization occurs in the uterine tube or the fallopian tube. The eggs and sperm are directly placed inside the woman's fallopian tube, allowing fertilization to happen in a more natural environment than in vitro fertilization (IVF). The fertilized egg can then travel down to the uterus for implantation. Therefore, the correct choice is letter C, a uterine tube.

Question 12

The fact that the live birth rate from older mothers using oocytes in IVF from much younger women is much higher than from older mothers using their own oocytes indicates that the age effects on reproductive success reflect

Accepted Answer

The fact that the live birth rate is higher when using oocytes from younger women rather than using the older mother's own oocytes indicates that the source of the oocyte plays a significant role in reproductive success. The age of the mother's uterus, the age of the father or sperm count are not directly related to this difference in live birth rates.

Question 13

A man who is paralyzed from a spinal cord injury might become a father using

Accepted Answer

The answer of A man who is paralyzed from a...

Question 14

Some cases of male infertility are due to immature sperm or sperm that cannot readily penetrate an oocyte.For these individuals,fertilization can still be accomplished using

Accepted Answer

Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a method of fertilization where a single healthy sperm is directly injected into the cytoplasm of an oocyte. This method is highly effective for male infertility cases where sperm are immature or cannot penetrate the oocyte, as it bypasses the natural fertilization process. CVS, IVF, and GIFT involve different procedures for assisted reproduction but are not specifically targeted to address issues with immature or non-penetrating sperm.

Question 15

Darnell and Tinaka are each carriers of an autosomal recessive disorder that is lethal in early childhood.They want to have a child who is free of the disease,so they have preimplantation genetic diagnosis.Unfortunately,their child has the disease.A scientific explanation is that

Accepted Answer

The most likely explanation is that the tested blastomere underwent a somatic mutation, which can occur during early embryonic development and result in genetic differences within a single embryo. This means that the sampled cell may not have been representative of the rest of the embryo, leading to a misdiagnosis of the genetic status of the embryo.

Question 16

Freezing oocytes has not been very successful because

Accepted Answer

Freezing oocytes can be difficult because ice crystals can form in the abundant watery cytoplasm, which can damage the cell and make it difficult to successfully thaw and use the oocyte in fertilization.

Question 17

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

Accepted Answer

GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer) involves transferring eggs and sperm into the woman's fallopian tube, rather than a laboratory dish.

Question 18

_____ was the first "test tube baby."

Accepted Answer

Louise Joy Brown was the first successful birth of a human child through in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques. She was born on July 25, 1978, in Oldham, England.

Question 19

_____ uses a blastomere biopsy to obtain a cell to test for genetic and chromosomal abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) uses a blastomere biopsy to obtain a cell from the developing embryo, which is then tested for genetic and chromosomal abnormalities before being implanted in the uterus. Cytoplasmic donation involves directly transferring cytoplasm from a healthy donor egg to the recipient egg, intrauterine insemination involves injecting sperm directly into the uterus, and oocyte donation involves using eggs from a donor instead of the intended mother. None of these techniques involve blastomere biopsy for genetic testing.

Question 20

A lesbian couple may use intrauterine insemination (IUI)to have a child.

Accepted Answer

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) involves placing sperm directly into the uterus, which can be used by lesbian couples as part of assisted reproduction to have a biological child.

Quiz 21: Reproductive Technologies