In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p + q = 1,p and q represent the frequency of alleles in a population of diploid organisms if:

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The Hardy-Weinberg equation assumes that only two alleles exist for a particular gene in the population. The equation predicts the frequencies of these alleles in the gene pool based on the assumption of random mating, no mutations, no migration, no natural selection, and infinitely large population size. Therefore, p and q represent the frequency of dominant and recessive alleles, respectively, and they must add up to 1.

In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation,p + Q = 1,p and Q