Question 1

The right ventricle is to the pulmonary trunk as the left ventricle is to the ___________.

Accepted Answer

The right ventricle pumps blood out through the pulmonary trunk. The left ventricle pumps blood out through the aorta.

Question 2

Elizabeth takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles.What does this do to her blood pressure? Why?

Accepted Answer

When arterioles dilate blood pressure falls because of the increase in the cross-sectional area of the vessels.

Question 3

What are the two components of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the blood vessels.

Question 4

What is the name of the thick,membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart?

Accepted Answer

The pericardium is a thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart.

Question 5

The walls of veins are thinner,so they cannot expand as greatly as arteries can.

Accepted Answer

The walls of veins are thinner, so they can expand to a greater extent than can arteries.

Question 6

The innermost layer of an artery is known as what?

Accepted Answer

The innermost layer of an artery is known as the endothelium.

Question 7

Which part of the body is often diseased in alcoholics due to exposure to alcohol?

Accepted Answer

The liver is often diseased because the liver removes toxins and chemicals from the blood. Excessive amounts of alcohol removed by the liver often damage the liver tissue.

Question 8

When dissecting a specimen,Barry noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins.Why?

Accepted Answer

Arteries are thicker and more elastic than veins because they are under greater pressure.

Question 9

What are known as the "strings of the heart?"

Accepted Answer

The chordae tendinae are strong fibrous strings that serve to anchor the valves of the heart.

Question 10

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

Accepted Answer

The atria are the upper collecting chambers of the heart.

Question 11

Choose the most correct statement concerning capillaries.

Accepted Answer

The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries.

Question 12

Gas exchange is the only function of blood.

Accepted Answer

The blood has many functions, of which gas exchange is only one.

Question 13

What type of tissue is important in assisting the cardiovascular system by collecting excess tissue fluid and eventually returning it to the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic tissues are important in assisting the cardiovascular system by collecting excess tissue fluid and eventually returning it to the cardiovascular system.

Question 14

Which of the following blood vessels are the only ones small,thin,and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries are narrow, microscopic tubes that are porous enough to allow for the exchange of substances at the tissue level of organization.

Question 15

What is the function of valves in the veins?

Accepted Answer

In the lower extremities, valves prevent the backflow of blood from occurring.

Question 16

Dr.Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus,the internal organs are reversed in their orientation.Thus,the apex of the heart would be oriented to the ___.

Accepted Answer

Normally, the apex of the heart is tilted to the left. In situs inversus the apex of the heart is tilted to the right.

Question 17

At any one time,where is the majority of the blood found in the body?

Accepted Answer

Veins can serve as a blood reservoir, holding about 70% of the blood.

Question 18

What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions and desmosomes are types of cell junctions found in intercalated disks of the myocardium.

Question 19

What structure within a capillary bed shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule?

Accepted Answer

The precapillary sphincter shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule.

Question 20

In a city analogy,what is the cardiovascular system similar to?

Accepted Answer

The cardiovascular system is similar to the roads which transport goods between all of the other places in the city.

Quiz 5: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels