Question 1

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,and come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall,but the nail is the same distance from the ground.This is because the tree grows up from

Accepted Answer

Trees grow in height from the apical meristem, which is located at the tips of the branches and the top of the tree. The trunk and branches grow in diameter from the lateral meristem, but the position of the nail remains the same because the trunk does not elongate from the base.

Question 2

A tomato,squash,or bean would be considered a fruit for which reason?

Accepted Answer

Fruits are defined as the mature ovary of a flowering plant that typically contains seeds. A tomato, squash, or bean all contain seeds from a flowering plant, making them technically fruits even though they are often considered vegetables in culinary contexts.

Question 3

The xylem and phloem are produced by the

Accepted Answer

The vascular cambium is a meristem (region of actively dividing cells) in woody plants that produces new xylem and phloem tissues. This allows for secondary growth in stems and roots, increasing the overall thickness of the plant. The sieve tube, vascular bundle, mycorrhizal fungi, and companion cells are all involved in the transport of nutrients and water in plants, but they do not produce the xylem and phloem tissues themselves.

Question 4

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,so that 5 inches of the nail are showing.You come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall and only 3 inches of the nail are showing.This is because the tree grows out from

Accepted Answer

The answer of You drive a nail into a tree...

Question 5

Home gardeners who grow tomatoes are often told to pinch off axillary buds at nodes to prevent the plants from becoming too bushy.This is consistent with most tomato plants being which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Indeterminate tomato plants have the ability to continue growing and producing fruit throughout the growing season, as opposed to determinate tomato plants that have a fixed growth pattern and fruit production. Pinching off axillary buds on indeterminate tomato plants can help to control the overall size and shape of the plant, allowing for better airflow and more efficient fruit production. Monocots and eudicots are categories of flowering plants based on the number of cotyledons in their seeds, and are not relevant to tomato plant growth habits.

Question 6

On a hot sunny day,which of the following would help protect a plant from water loss?

Accepted Answer

The cuticle, which is a waxy layer covering the leaves and stems of plants, helps reduce water loss by minimizing transpiration. Stomata, on the other hand, are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, including the release of water vapor. While stomata are necessary for gas exchange, they can also lead to excessive water loss on hot, sunny days. Therefore, both the cuticle and stomata are important for protecting a plant from water loss.

Question 7

In the spring before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.Which of the following best describes the original source of the sugars found in the sap?

Accepted Answer

The sugars found in the sap are originally from photosynthesis during the previous summer. The tree stores the sugars as starch in the wood over the winter, and the increase in temperature in the spring triggers the release of the stored sugars and the flow of sap.

Question 8

If you cut a stalk of celery and put it in a glass of water containing red food coloring overnight,the next morning the celery will be red.The food coloring was taken up through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Xylem is the tissue responsible for transporting water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant, including the leaves and stems. The red food coloring was able to travel from the water, through the xylem, and into the celery stalk, causing it to turn red.

Question 9

When preparing slides to look at mitosis,the tips of onion roots are a good source of cells because they contain ______ where mitosis is taking place consistently.

Accepted Answer

The apical meristem is the growing tissue located at the tips of the roots and shoots of plants. This is where cell division occurs through mitosis to continually lengthen the roots and shoots. Therefore, the tips of onion roots are a good source of cells for studying mitosis. The other options listed (vascular tissue, dermal tissue, endodermis) are not necessarily involved in mitosis or cell division as consistently as the apical meristem.

Question 10

A waxy layer secreted by the epidermal cells of a plant is the

Accepted Answer

The waxy layer secreted by the epidermal cells of a plant is called the cuticle. The cuticle serves as a protective layer that helps to prevent water loss and protects the plant from damage and disease.

Question 11

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Why wouldn't girdling work on a large grass?

Accepted Answer

Grasses have scattered vascular bundles throughout their ground tissue, unlike trees which have a ring of vascular bundles just under the bark. Therefore, girdling would not be effective on a large grass because cutting a groove into the bark would not affect the scattered vascular bundles in the ground tissue.

Question 12

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of One way to kill a tree is...

Question 13

The cells that surround each stoma and control its opening and closing are

Accepted Answer

The cells that surround each stoma and control its opening and closing are called guard cells.

Question 14

Conducting cells in xylem are

Accepted Answer

Tracheids and vessel elements are both types of conducting cells found in xylem tissue, responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. Sieve tube elements, on the other hand, are conducting cells found only in phloem tissue, responsible for transporting sugars and other nutrients throughout the plant. Therefore, choices A, D, and E are incorrect.

Question 15

The root cap

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are true. The root cap protects the meristem from abrasion and guides the root through the soil. It is located at the tip of the root and secretes a lubricant to aid in growth. The root cap cells also contain statoliths, which aid in the sensing of gravity.

Question 16

A collective term for all plant tissues outside the vascular cambium is

Accepted Answer

Bark is the collective term for all plant tissues outside the vascular cambium, including phloem, cork cambium, and cork. The other options listed are specific terms for certain plant tissues, not all of the tissues outside the vascular cambium.

Question 17

The pores through which leaves exchange gases with the atmosphere are

Accepted Answer

Stomata are the pores on the surface of leaves through which gases, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, are exchanged with the atmosphere. Epidermal cells are the cells that make up the surface layer of the leaf and can contain stomata, but not all epidermal cells are involved in gas exchange. Sieve tube elements are specialized cells found in phloem tissue that transport sugars throughout the plant. Guard cells are specialized cells that surround and control the opening and closing of stomata. Petioles are the stalks that attach leaves to the stem or branch of a plant and do not play a direct role in gas exchange.

Question 18

A potato stores a lot of starch.Which of the following tissues would you expect to be most abundant in a potato?

Accepted Answer

Ground tissue includes cells that are involved in storage, such as parenchyma cells, which store starch in potatoes. Therefore, ground tissue would be most abundant in a potato, rather than dermal or vascular tissue.

Question 19

The primary organ of photosynthesis in a plant is the

Accepted Answer

The leaf is the primary organ of photosynthesis in a plant as it contains chloroplasts that house the pigment chlorophyll, which captures light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose through the process of photosynthesis. Stomata, bark, and stem are not directly involved in the photosynthetic process. Chlorophyll is a pigment present in the chloroplasts, but it is not an organ.

Question 20

If a gardener wanted to help prevent erosion along a slope it would be best to

Accepted Answer

Grasses have fibrous roots which hold soil in place effectively, preventing erosion. While trees also have roots that can help prevent erosion, their taproots are not as effective in holding soil in place as fibrous roots.

Quiz 21: Plant Form and Function