Which of the Following Statements Regarding Corporate Vertical Marketing Systems

Which of the following statements regarding corporate vertical marketing systems is most accurate?

A) successive stages of production and distribution are under shared ownership with all links in the marketing chain sharing title to the goods.
B) corporate vertical marketing systems can use forward integration or backward integration but not both.
C) corporate vertical marketing systems reduce distribution costs but also limit control.
D) vertical marketing systems result in increased capital investments and fixed costs.
E) corporate vertical marketing systems are only affective with low-end consumer goods.