Brand Name Importance to a Company Has Led to a Concept

Brand name importance to a company has led to a concept called brand equity, the added value a brand name gives to a product beyond the functional benefits provided.This value has two distinct advantages: (1) it creates a competitive advantage and (2)

A) customers are often willing to pay a higher price.
B) there is little if any need for advertising past the introductory stage.
C) decision making becomes easier for consumers.
D) there is no need for coupons, discounts, or other customer incentives.
E) new market segments seem to create themselves.