Question 1

Which of the following is a health care professional who would not be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of problems in the GI system?

Accepted Answer

An orthotist is a healthcare professional who specializes in the design, fabrication, and fitting of orthoses, which are devices that support or correct musculoskeletal disorders. They would not be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of problems in the GI system. The other options, nutritionist, dietician, periodontist, and proctologist are all healthcare professionals who could be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of issues related to the digestive system.

Question 2

What do the tongue papillae contain?

Accepted Answer

Tongue papillae contain taste buds, which enable us to taste different flavors. Dentin, enamel, and pulp are all components of teeth and are not found in the tongue papillae. Pus is an abnormal discharge that can be caused by infections and is not a normal constituent of the tongue papillae.

Question 3

The adjective form of varix, meaning a dilated vein, is:

Accepted Answer

The commonly used adjective form of varix is varicose. It describes a condition where a vein is abnormally dilated and twisted, leading to a swollen and bumpy appearance under the skin. Varices (A) is also an acceptable plural form of varix, but it is not an adjective. Varical (B), varigeal (D), and varigous (E) are not recognized English words.

Question 4

The segments of the small intestine, in order, starting from the pylorus, are:

Accepted Answer

The small intestine begins with the duodenum, which is followed by the jejunum and then the ileum. Therefore, the correct order is duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Choice D is the only option that has this order.

Question 5

Serum hepatitis is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Serum hepatitis is caused by the hepatitis B virus, which is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids.

Question 6

The instrument used to examine the stomach is the:

Accepted Answer

The instrument used to examine the stomach is called a gastroscope. A cystoscope examines the bladder, a microscope examines things at a microscopic level, an otoscope examines the ear, and an ophthalmoscope examines the eye.

Question 7

Which of the following is a chronic, irreversible disease?

Accepted Answer

Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic, irreversible disease characterized by the progressive destruction of liver cells and the formation of scar tissue. Jaundice, hepatitis A, gingivitis, and gastritis are all reversible conditions that can be treated and cured with proper medical attention.

Question 8

The largest internal organ in the body is the:

Accepted Answer

The liver is the largest internal organ in the body, weighing around 3 pounds in adults. It performs a wide range of functions, including filtering blood, producing bile to aid in digestion, and metabolizing nutrients and medications.

Question 9

A synonym for gallstones is:

Accepted Answer

Gallstones are also known as cholelithiasis, which refers to the presence of stones in the gallbladder.

Question 10

The virus that causes cold sores is abbreviated:

Accepted Answer

The abbreviation for the virus that causes cold sores is HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1). HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a completely different virus that causes AIDS. RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) is a virus that can cause respiratory infections, particularly in young children. SSA and ESR are not acronyms for any known viruses.

Question 11

A slowly progressing inflammation of the liver is:

Accepted Answer

Chronic hepatitis is a slowly progressing inflammation of the liver that leads to the destruction of liver cells and the formation of scar tissue. It can be caused by infections, alcohol abuse, or autoimmune disorders. Acute hepatitis is a sudden infection of the liver, while chronic hepatoma and chronic hepatocellular adenoma are both types of liver tumors. Acute cholelithiasis is a sudden obstruction of the bile ducts by gallstones.

Question 12

The word chyme means :

Accepted Answer

Chyme refers to the semifluid mixture of partially digested food and stomach secretions that is passed from the stomach to the small intestine for further digestion and absorption.

Question 13

In which of the following procedures is a rigid instrument used to examine the anus and lower rectum?

Accepted Answer

Anoscopy is a procedure in which a rigid instrument called an anoscope is used to examine the anus and lower rectum. The other options do not involve the use of a rigid instrument for this purpose. Endoscopy involves the use of a flexible tube to examine internal organs, dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing, digital exam involves the healthcare provider inserting a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for abnormalities, and X-ray involves the use of radiation to produce images of internal structures.

Question 14

Alcoholism is the most common cause of fibrosis of the liver, also known as:

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis of the liver is a gradual scarring of liver tissue, and alcoholism is the most common cause of this condition, known as cirrhosis. Serosis, keratosis, hepatocellular, and hepatoma are not the correct terms for this condition.

Question 15

Upset stomach with epigastric pain, nausea, and gas is:

Accepted Answer

Dyspepsia is a condition that includes symptoms of an upset stomach with epigastric pain, nausea, and gas. Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing, deglutition is the act of swallowing, dyslexia is a learning disorder, and canker is a type of sore.

Question 16

The patient had a large amount of white-colored discharge from their gums.The periodontist determined that the gums had a bacterial infection.She documented the discharge as being:

Accepted Answer

Pyorrhea is a term used to describe a condition characterized by the presence of pus or purulent discharge from the gums. This discharge is usually caused by a bacterial infection in the gums and is a common symptom of periodontitis.

Question 17

Which of the following words is accompanied by its correct plural?

Accepted Answer

Villus refers to a small projection that lines the small intestine, and its plural is villi.

Answer: C
 Varix refers to a dilated vein, and its plural is varices. Varixes is not a correct plural.

Answer:E
 Pancreas refers to a glandular organ that produces hormones and digestive enzymes, and its plural is pancreases. Pancreax is not a correct plural.

Therefore, the best choices are A and C.

Question 18

Bile is secreted by the _________ into the _________.

Accepted Answer

Bile is secreted by the liver and travels through the bile duct into the duodenum (part of the small intestine). It helps with the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.

Question 19

What results from yellow staining of tissues with bile pigments, including bilirubin?

Accepted Answer

Yellow staining of tissues with bile pigments, including bilirubin, is a classic symptom of jaundice. Cirrhosis, hepatitis, and dyspepsia are all potential underlying causes of jaundice, but they are not the direct result of yellow tissue staining. Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes, which is not related to yellow staining.

Question 20

When the newborn baby was examined, the pediatrician noted a large hole in the middle of the patient's hard palate.This condition would be correctly documented as:

Accepted Answer

A large hole in the middle of the hard palate is a characteristic of cleft palate, which is a birth defect where the tissue forming the roof of the mouth does not fuse together properly during fetal development. Thrush is a fungal infection, glossodynia is a disorder characterised by tongue pain, hiatal hernia is a condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm, and diverticulosis refers to the presence of small, bulging pouches in the lining of the digestive system. None of these conditions are related to the presentation described in the question.

Quiz 9: The Digestive System: The Essentials of the Language of Gastroenterology