The process by which an atom or molecule gain an electron is:

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Reduction is the process by which an atom or molecule gains an electron, leading to a decrease in the oxidation state of that atom or molecule. This is the opposite process of oxidation, where the atom or molecule loses an electron. Catalysis refers to the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst, and photosynthesis refers specifically to the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy.

The Process by Which an Atom or Molecule Gain an Electron