Question 1

The ____________________ is a measurement of the amount of variation among scores in a normal distribution.

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Question 2

Describe three examples of the following situations: one in which two variables are positively correlated, one in which two variables are negatively correlated, and one in which there is zero correlation.

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Question 3

A mother is attempting to minimize the number of times that her toddler pulls on his kitty's tail. She wants to assess whether different types of discipline have any effect on his behavior. For three weeks during the month, the mother gives the toddler one week of one specific type of discipline. One week the toddler receives time outs, one week he has a toy taken away, and one week he is told to clean the kitty's bowl for each kitty tail pull. At the end of each week, the mother tallies up the number of kitty tail pulls for the week. Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable.

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Question 4

After defining the variables involved in a study, scientists have to identify individuals to study. The population is the group of individuals to whom we hope our conclusions will apply. Researchers generally hope that their conclusions will apply to a large population, such as all 5-year-olds or all people with schizophrenia. Because it is not practical to examine everyone in the population, researchers study a sample of people and assume that the results for the sample apply to the whole population. Briefly define the following types of samples and give one example for each; convenience sample, representative sample, random sample, and cross cultural sample.

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Question 5

Statements about a large population based on an inference from a small sample, is called ____________________.

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Question 6

Falsifiability, independent variables, dependent variables, blind observers, and demand characteristics are all potential characteristics of an experiment. Which of these would an experimenter try to minimize or avoid and why?

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Question 7

A scientist has formed the following hypothesis; individuals who eat a late lunch consume more food than individuals who eat an early lunch. Once she has constructed her hypothesis, what are the three steps that she should follow to complete her experiment? State the steps and give an example of how to complete each step.

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Question 8

The ____________________ is the sum of all the scores divided by the total number of scores.

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Question 9

Mathematical summaries of results are known as ____________________.

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Quiz 2: A--Scientific Methods in Psychology