Question 1

If you become skillful at basketball because your friends encourage you to play and you have practiced a lot, your behavior is influenced primarily by __________. If you are good at basketball mainly because you are very tall, as have been all of the members of your family for generations, your behavior is influenced primarily by __________.

Accepted Answer

The first scenario, where the individual becomes skillful at basketball due to practicing with friends, suggests that the behavior is influenced primarily by nurture, or environmental factors. The second scenario, where the individual is good at basketball mainly due to being tall, suggests that the behavior is influenced primarily by nature, or genetic factors. Therefore, the best choice is B (nurture for the first scenario, nature for the second scenario).

Question 2

Dr. Domuch is a psychologist who helps a company train people for jobs, select good employees, and organize the workplace to maximize workers' productivity and satisfaction level. Dr. Domuch is probably a/an __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Domuch’s work involves training, selection, and maximizing productivity levels in the workplace, which falls under the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Clinical psychology involves diagnosing and treating mental health issues, cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes such as perception and attention, and developmental psychology deals with human growth and development across the lifespan.

Question 3

The field of psychology known as ergonomics or human factors concentrates on

Accepted Answer

Ergonomics or human factors focus on designing machinery, workplaces, and instructions so people can use them efficiently and safely. This includes factors such as user-friendly interfaces, ergonomic design of tools and equipment, clear communication of instructions, and overall design for optimal human performance.

Question 4

One of the main activities of an industrial/organizational psychologist is to

Accepted Answer

Industrial/organizational psychologists work with organizations to improve productivity, identify and resolve organizational issues, and increase employee satisfaction. One of their main activities is to advise a company's personnel office on how to select among job applicants, through techniques such as assessments, interviews, and job analysis.

Question 5

Which of these is NOT a typical activity for industrial-organizational psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Counseling employees who have emotional disorders is not a typical activity for industrial-organizational psychologists. Their primary focus is on improving the workplace and productivity through job design, selection, and motivation. Clinical psychology or counseling psychology may be more appropriate for providing therapy for individuals with emotional disorders.

Question 6

What kind of psychologist should you hire if you run a company and want to find ways to increase the levels of productivity and satisfaction among your employees?

Accepted Answer

Industrial/organizational psychologists specialize in studying and providing solutions to workplace issues such as employee productivity and satisfaction. They can help improve communication, motivation, and efficiency among employees, ultimately boosting overall company performance. Forensic psychologists specialize in the intersection between psychology and the legal system, clinical psychologists focus on mental health diagnosis and treatment, and personality psychologists study personality traits and characteristics.

Question 7

The nature-nurture issue is the question of how the development of behavior depends on

Accepted Answer

The term "nature" refers to the influence of genetics and heredity on behavior, while "nurture" refers to the impact of the environment on behavior. The nature-nurture issue involves how these two factors work together to shape human development. Therefore, the best choice is A, which acknowledges that behavior develops as a result of both heredity and environment. Choices B, C, and D are not accurate as they do not fully capture the complexity of the nature-nurture debate.

Question 8

The primary concern in the field of ergonomics is to

Accepted Answer

Ergonomics is the study of designing equipment, devices, and systems that fit the human body, its movements, and its cognitive abilities. Therefore, improving the design of machines so that people can use them more effectively is the primary concern in the field of ergonomics.

Question 9

What educational degree does a psychiatrist hold?

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists must hold a medical degree, typically an MD or DO, in addition to completing a residency in psychiatry. This allows them to prescribe medications and provide medical treatment for mental health conditions. A bachelor's degree (B.A.) or master's degree (M.S.) is not sufficient for practicing psychiatry. A Ph.D. is a doctoral degree in a specific field, but it is not required to become a psychiatrist.

Question 10

The field of ergonomics is also known as:

Accepted Answer

The field of ergonomics is also known as human factors. Industrial-organizational psychology is a separate field that focuses on applying psychological principles to improve workplace productivity and employee well-being, while school psychology focuses on addressing academic, social, and emotional needs of students. Artificial intelligence is a field that deals with developing intelligent machines.

Question 11

__________ provide advice and consultation to police, lawyers, and courts.

Accepted Answer

Forensic psychologists specialize in applying psychological principles to legal issues, including providing consultation to police, lawyers, and courts. Counseling psychologists focus on working with individuals, groups, and families to address mental and emotional health concerns. Developmental psychologists study human growth and development across the lifespan. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in treating mental illness and can prescribe medication. Therefore, the most appropriate choice for this question is A, forensic psychologists.

Question 12

Brain researchers would probably be most comfortable with which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

Brain researchers generally agree that brain activity and mental activity are closely related, with mental processes being seen as emergent properties of physical brain activity. This perspective is rooted in the field of neuroscience, which studies how the physical structure and function of the brain give rise to mental processes and behavior.

Question 13

Ergonomics is the field within psychology that concentrates largely on

Accepted Answer

Ergonomics is focused on designing equipment, workspaces, and tasks to fit the capabilities and limitations of individuals, with the goal of improving efficiency, safety, and comfort. This involves understanding human anatomy and physiology, as well as cognitive and perceptual processes, to develop products and environments that are intuitive and easy to use. While other psychological fields like industrial-organizational psychology may be concerned with issues like pay and job satisfaction, ergonomics is specifically concerned with optimizing the physical and technological aspects of work.

Question 14

If you ran a large corporation and you wanted to hire a psychologist to help ensure that you hired people who were well-suited for the jobs you have, you would be best advised to hire a/an __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Industrial/organizational psychologists specialize in assessing and evaluating job candidates to ensure that they are a good fit for the job and the organization. They also provide recommendations for employee training and development to improve job performance and satisfaction.

Question 15

The nature-nurture issue is the question of the relationship between

Accepted Answer

The nature-nurture issue is a debate about the relative importance of genetic inheritance (nature) versus environmental factors (nurture) in shaping behavior and traits. Therefore, the best answer is B, as it directly relates to this debate. Option A is related to the mind-body problem; option C relates to the philosophical debate between free will and determinism, and option D pertains to the conscious and unconscious aspects of the psyche.

Question 16

The nature-nurture issue can best be defined as the study of

Accepted Answer

The nature-nurture issue is concerned with understanding how differences in behavior relate to differences in heredity and environment. It refers to the debate over the relative contributions of genetic factors and environmental factors to human development and behavior. The other options do not accurately reflect the nature-nurture issue.

Question 17

A difference between a PhD degree and a PsyDdegree is

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists are more likely to have a PsyD than research psychologists are. This is because PsyD programs focus more on clinical training and practice, while PhD programs have a stronger emphasis on research.

Question 18

Which of the following research questions is most directly related to the nature-nurture issue?

Accepted Answer

The question specifically asks about the role of genes (nature) versus environmental factors (nurture) in behavioral differences between boys and girls. The other options do not directly address this issue.

Question 19

One thing that a psychiatrist does that a clinical psychologist is not allowed to do in most states is

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists are medical doctors and therefore have the authority to prescribe medication to their patients. Clinical psychologists, on the other hand, do not have a medical degree and are not authorized to prescribe drugs in most states. Choices B, C, and D are within the scope of practice for both psychiatrists and clinical psychologists.

Question 20

Industrial/Organizational psychologists observe and study

Accepted Answer

Industrial/Organizational psychologists specifically study people in the workplace, including their behavior, attitudes, and interactions with others. They focus on improving organizational effectiveness, productivity, and employee well-being.

Quiz 1: What Is Psychology