Question 1

Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe cubensis are examples of
A)plants containing mescaline.
B)hallucinogenic mushrooms.
C)anticholinergics.
D)poisonous fungi.

Accepted Answer

Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe cubensis are both species of hallucinogenic mushrooms, containing the psychoactive compound psilocybin. They are not plants containing mescaline, anticholinergics, or poisonous fungi.

Question 2

LSD and psilocybin belong to the chemical grouping of
A)benzodiazepines.
B)cholinomimetics.
C)indoles.
D)steroids.

Accepted Answer

LSD and psilocybin belong to the chemical grouping of indoles, which are a type of aromatic organic compound that contains an indole ring structure. This ring structure is also found in certain neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which is involved in mood regulation and behavior. The indole ring structure is believed to play a role in the psychoactive effects of LSD and psilocybin, which can cause altered perceptions, mood changes, and hallucinations.

Question 3

The psychological effect of LSD was first reported by
A)Dr.Sigmund Freud,a Viennese physician.
B)Albert Hofmann,the Swiss chemist who developed the drug.
C)Timothy Leary,a Harvard psychologist.
D)Saint Anthony.

Accepted Answer

Albert Hofmann was the first person to take LSD intentionally and report its psychological effects.

Question 4

Although LSD has complex effects in the brain,the best evidence indicates that its hallucinogenic properties are due to stimulating
A)serotonin-2A receptors.
B)the mesolimbic dopamine system.
C)cholinergic receptors.
D)GABA receptors.

Accepted Answer

The best evidence indicates that LSD's hallucinogenic properties are due to stimulating serotonin-2A receptors. LSD is a partial agonist at these receptors, which are involved in various functions including sensory perception, mood, and consciousness. Activation of these receptors in certain brain regions is thought to produce the altered visual and perceptual experiences associated with LSD use.

Question 5

The early LSD researcher who was fired from his academic job,became a proponent of hallucinogenic drug use,and started a religion in which LSD was the sacrament is:
A)William Halstead.
B)Timothy Leary.
C)Parke Davis.
D)Robert Wood Johnson.

Accepted Answer

Timothy Leary was a psychology professor at Harvard who was fired for his outspoken advocacy of LSD use. He then became a counterculture icon and advocated for the widespread use of LSD and other hallucinogens. He founded the religion of "The League for Spiritual Discovery" which used LSD as a sacrament.

Question 6

In rare cases,people who have used LSD experience similar symptoms weeks or months later.The common term for this has been
A)synesthesia.
B)flashbacks.
C)automatism.
D)semantic memory.

Accepted Answer

The term commonly used for experiencing LSD-like symptoms weeks or months after use is "flashbacks." Therefore, option B is the correct choice. A, C, and D are not related to this phenomenon.

Question 7

One name that has been used for hallucinogenic drugs is psychedelic,which means
A)mind-viewing,and implies a beneficial,visionary effect.
B)mind-destroying.
C)insanity-producing.
D)mind-building,implying greater intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The word psychedelic comes from the Greek words "psyche," meaning mind, and "deloun," meaning to manifest. It is believed to imply a beneficial, visionary effect on the mind.

Question 8

A close relative of LSD,d-lysergic acid amide,is found naturally in
A)morning glories and Hawaiian baby woodroses.
B)peyote cactus.
C)henbane.
D)opium poppies.

Accepted Answer

D-lysergic acid amide is indeed found naturally in morning glories and Hawaiian baby woodroses. It is commonly known as LSA (lysergic acid amide) and is a psychedelic substance similar to LSD but with milder effects. Peyote cactus, henbane, and opium poppies do not contain LSA.

Question 9

One major grouping of hallucinogens typically allows the user to remain in some touch with the real world and to remember much of what he or she experienced.This group of drugs was referred to as the
A)narcotics.
B)entactogens.
C)psychotomimetics.
D)phantastica.

Accepted Answer

The group of hallucinogens that allows the user to remain in touch with the real world and remember much of what they experienced is known as "phantastica." This term was coined by Louis Lewin in the early 20th century to describe hallucinogenic plants that produced powerful visual and sensory effects without necessarily causing a loss of touch with reality or inducing psychotic symptoms. Other terms used to describe this group of drugs include "psychedelics" and "entheogens." Choice A (narcotics) and B (entactogens) are not appropriate choices as they do not describe the specific group of hallucinogens that allow the user to remain in touch with reality. Choice C (psychotomimetics) is also not the best choice, as it is a broader term that encompasses drugs that mimic the symptoms of psychosis, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.

Question 10

The combination of two plants,one containing DMT and the other containing harmaline (an MAO inhibitor),was originally used by indigenous cultures in South America and is called,
A)psilocybin.
B)mescal.
C)ayahuasca.
D)amanita.

Accepted Answer

The combination of two plants, one containing DMT and the other containing harmaline, is known as ayahuasca and has been traditionally used in South America for ritual and medicinal purposes.

Question 11

During the 1950s,one U.S.government agency that conducted research with LSD was the
A)Central Intelligence Agency.
B)Centers for Disease Control.
C)Department of Education.
D)Department of Agriculture.

Accepted Answer

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) conducted research with LSD in the 1950s as part of their MK-Ultra program, which aimed to develop mind control techniques.

Question 12

DMT,a short-acting hallucinogen that is usually ineffective when taken orally,is found in
A)Jimson weed.
B)Mexican mushrooms.
C)mescal beans.
D)Cohoba snuff.

Accepted Answer

DMT (N,N-Dimethyltryptamine) is a powerful psychedelic compound that is a primary active ingredient in Cohoba snuff, which is derived from the seeds of the Anadenanthera peregrina tree and used traditionally in South America for spiritual and shamanic purposes.

Question 13

LSD was synthesized from alkaloids derived from
A)banana skins.
B)mushrooms.
C)ergot fungus.
D)toad skins.

Accepted Answer

LSD was synthesized from alkaloids derived from the ergot fungus.

Question 14

In hunter-gatherer societies,the shaman or medicine man (or woman)was important not only for understanding what we now call medicine,but also because he or she was
A)usually a close relative of the chief.
B)a spiritual,or religious leader.
C)also a judge who decided how to punish misbehavior.
D)often the wealthiest member of the group.

Accepted Answer

The shaman or medicine man/woman in hunter-gatherer societies was often considered a spiritual or religious leader, responsible for communicating with the spirit world and providing guidance to the community. They also played a role in healing and understanding natural remedies, but their spiritual function was considered more significant.

Question 15

The catechol hallucinogens include mescaline plus a variety of synthetic derivatives of
A)amphetamine.
B)morphine.
C)cocaine.
D)acetylcholine.

Accepted Answer

The catechol hallucinogens include mescaline and a variety of synthetic derivatives of amphetamine. These substances are known for their psychoactive properties, affecting perception, mood, and various cognitive processes.

Question 16

The Native American Church includes aspects of Christianity and uses __________ as a sacrament.
A)LSD
B)peyote
C)Cohoba snuff
D)coca leaves

Accepted Answer

The Native American Church uses peyote as a sacrament in their religious practices, which is traditionally consumed in a ceremonial manner as a connection to the spiritual world. While some Native American traditional religious practices have incorporated elements of Christianity, such as the use of hymns and prayers, the use of LSD, Cohoba snuff, and coca leaves are not traditionally used in the Native American Church.

Question 17

Besides hallucinations,mescaline also produces
A)sedation and drowsiness.
B)analgesia.
C)hunger and thirst.
D)pupil dilation and increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Mescaline is known to cause pupil dilation and increase heart rate and blood pressure, among other physiological effects. It does not typically produce sedation or analgesia, and hunger and thirst are not necessarily directly caused by the drug.

Question 18

LSD is considered to be the most potent psychoactive agent known to man because
A)it produces such powerful effects on the mind.
B)it is so toxic.
C)it produces effects at such low doses.
D)its effects are so long-lasting.

Accepted Answer

LSD is considered to be the most potent psychoactive agent known to man because it produces pronounced effects at extremely low doses. It is estimated that the threshold dose for LSD is as low as 20 micrograms, and even doses as low as 100 micrograms can produce intense psychedelic experiences that can last for several hours. Compared to other psychoactive substances, LSD is incredibly potent and can produce profound alterations in perception, cognition, and emotional experience.

Question 19

The sensation of experiencing sounds as pictures,or of seeing movements produced by musical rhythms,is known as
A)tachyphylaxis.
B)analgesia.
C)homeostasis.
D)synesthesia.

Accepted Answer

The sensation of experiencing sounds as pictures, or of seeing movements produced by musical rhythms, is known as synesthesia.

Question 20

The major thrust of early research on LSD was for its
A)possible use in treating rheumatism.
B)ability to relieve pain.
C)ability to reduce cravings for nicotine.
D)supposed ability to access the subconscious mind.

Accepted Answer

Early research on LSD was focused on its supposed ability to access the subconscious mind, leading to its use in psychotherapy and as a tool for exploring the potential of the human mind. Other uses, such as pain relief or reducing cravings, were not major focuses of early research on LSD.

Quiz 14: Psychedelics

Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe cubensis are examples of

LSD and psilocybin belong to the chemical grouping of

The psychological effect of LSD was first reported by

Although LSD has complex effects in the brain,the best evidence indicates that its hallucinogenic properties are due to stimulating

The early LSD researcher who was fired from his academic job,became a proponent of hallucinogenic drug use,and started a religion in which LSD was the sacrament is:

In rare cases,people who have used LSD experience similar symptoms weeks or months later.The common term for this has been

One name that has been used for hallucinogenic drugs is psychedelic,which means

A close relative of LSD,d-lysergic acid amide,is found naturally in

One major grouping of hallucinogens typically allows the user to remain in some touch with the real world and to remember much of what he or she experienced.This group of drugs was referred to as the

The combination of two plants,one containing DMT and the other containing harmaline (an MAO inhibitor) ,was originally used by indigenous cultures in South America and is called,

During the 1950s,one U.S.government agency that conducted research with LSD was the

DMT,a short-acting hallucinogen that is usually ineffective when taken orally,is found in

LSD was synthesized from alkaloids derived from

In hunter-gatherer societies,the shaman or medicine man (or woman) was important not only for understanding what we now call medicine,but also because he or she was

The catechol hallucinogens include mescaline plus a variety of synthetic derivatives of

The Native American Church includes aspects of Christianity and uses __________ as a sacrament.

Besides hallucinations,mescaline also produces

LSD is considered to be the most potent psychoactive agent known to man because

The sensation of experiencing sounds as pictures,or of seeing movements produced by musical rhythms,is known as

The major thrust of early research on LSD was for its