Question 1

What type of speciation requires a geographic barrier?

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation requires a geographic barrier, such as a mountain range, river or ocean, that separates two populations of the same species and prevents interbreeding. Sympatric speciation occurs within the same geographic area, without a physical barrier.

Question 2

Descriptions of new species of insects are more likely to contain diagrams of the shape of the male genitalia than head,wing,or leg parts.Why?

Accepted Answer

Small changes in genitalia can lead to reproductive isolation, which is a key factor in speciation, while a single species can tolerate wider variation in head, wing, and leg morphology. Therefore, entomologists focus on the shape of genitalia to better understand species boundaries and relationships. This is a convention in entomology because of the importance of reproductive isolation in defining new species.

Question 3

Plant species A has a diploid number of 28 chromosomes,while Plant species B has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes.Species A and B produce a hybrid through alloploidy.The diploid number of chromosomes of the hybrid is

Accepted Answer

Alloploidy is the fusion of two or more divergent genomes to produce a hybrid genome. In this case, the hybrid genome will contain the diploid number of chromosomes from both species A and B. When species A (which has a diploid number of 28 chromosomes) and species B (which has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes) produce a hybrid through alloploidy, the diploid number of the hybrid will be the sum of the diploid numbers of the two species, which is 28+14=42. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 4

The process in which natural selection favors the continual development of prezygotic isolating mechanisms is called

Accepted Answer

The process in which natural selection favors the continual development of prezygotic isolating mechanisms is called reinforcement. This occurs when hybridization between two populations produces offspring with reduced fitness, leading to selection for traits that prevent mating and successful reproduction between the two populations.

Question 5

In speciation which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

Sympatric speciation does not involve geographic isolation, as it occurs within the same geographical area. Instead, it may involve ecological or behavioral factors that lead to reproductive isolation and the emergence of new species.

Question 6

Once members of a species are geographically isolated,what factors may cause them to differ from each other over time?

Accepted Answer

Once members of a species are geographically isolated, they may experience natural selection, genetic drift, and new mutations. Natural selection can cause certain traits to become more or less common in a population based on their usefulness in the environment. Genetic drift can result in random changes in allele frequencies due to chance events, such as genetic bottlenecks or founder effects. New mutations can introduce genetic variation that can be acted upon by natural selection and genetic drift. Therefore, all three factors can contribute to the divergence of populations over time.

Question 7

Which of the following would result in reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would result in...

Question 8

Evolutionary change above the species level is referred to as __________,whereas evolutionary changes below the species level is known as _____________.

Accepted Answer

Macroevolution refers to evolutionary changes above the species level, such as speciation or the evolution of major adaptations, while microevolution refers to evolutionary changes below the species level, such as changes in allele frequencies or adaptations within a population.

Question 9

When a diploid plant produces diploid gametes due to nondisjunction during meiosis,what occurs?

Accepted Answer

When a diploid plant produces diploid gametes due to nondisjunction during meiosis, it results in autoploidy, which is the duplication of chromosomal sets within the same species. This leads to an increase in the number of chromosomes above the parent species, and can result in the formation of triploid or tetraploid plants. Hence, all of the above choices are true.

Question 10

______ is when one species splits into two species or when one species transforms into another over time.

Accepted Answer

Speciation is the process of one species splitting into two or more separate species, or when one species transforms into another species over time. The other options do not specifically refer to this process.

Question 11

Several species of Caribbean Anoline lizards have evolved from a single ancestral species.The species occupy a wide variety of ecological niches,such as tree trunks and the ground,or tree trunks only,or tree trunks and the crown of trees,etc.This type of allopatric speciation is called

Accepted Answer

Adaptive radiation is a type of allopatric speciation where a single ancestral species diversifies into multiple species that occupy different ecological niches. In this case, the Caribbean Anoline lizards evolved from a single ancestral species to occupy different niches such as tree trunks, ground, etc. This suggests that they underwent adaptive radiation. Alloploidy and autoploidy are types of polyploidy, which is not relevant to the question. Hybridization refers to interbreeding between different species, which is not mentioned in the question.

Question 12

Reproductive isolation is more likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

Reproductive isolation is more likely to occur when hybrids are less fit than members of the parent species because this reduces gene flow and helps maintain the genetic integrity of the parent species. If hybrids are more fit than members of the parent species, they may outcompete and eventually replace the parent species, leading to hybridization and loss of genetic diversity. If there are no differences in fitness between parent species and hybrids, there may be occasional hybridization events that do not lead to reproductive isolation.

Question 13

Female Anolis distinguish males of their species by the color of their dewlap,a colorful flap of skin in the neck region.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Female Anolis distinguish males of their species...

Question 14

Adaptive radiation occurs when organisms

Accepted Answer

Adaptive radiation occurs when organisms exploit a variety of new environments, resulting in the diversification of their characteristics and evolution of new species. This process is driven by natural selection and can occur when a new habitat becomes available, allowing for the exploitation of new resources or niches. This allows for the diversification of the species, leading to the evolution of new traits and adaptation to specific environments.

Question 15

An insect population lives along the edge of a north-south mountain range.The populations from the east and west slope eventually join in a low northern pass and interbreed,producing fertile offspring,but they do not circle around the southern edge because of a desert barrier.When glaciers move southward,the populations are pushed south of the northern pass and are isolated.While isolated,the two populations develop enough differences over time that when the glaciers retreat north and the insects again share the same pass,they no longer mate at the same time,nor can they produce fertile offspring.These insects

Accepted Answer

The insect population started as one species and eventually became isolated due to glaciers. While isolated, enough genetic differences accumulated over time that when they came back into contact and attempted to interbreed, they were no longer able to produce fertile offspring. This indicates that they have diverged into two separate species.

Question 16

Sympatric speciation in plants,as a result of ________,is well documented.

Accepted Answer

Sympatric speciation in plants is often caused by polyploidy, in which an individual has extra sets of chromosomes due to errors in cell division or hybridization. This can lead to the formation of a new species that is reproductively isolated from the original population. Geographic barriers (A and D) and island systems (B) can also lead to speciation, but these are examples of allopatric speciation rather than sympatric.

Question 17

Members of the ancestral salamander species live in northern California.As they migrate southward,populations are separated by the Central Valley.With limited contact between populations on the east and west of the valley,genetic differences accumulate.What type of speciation occurs under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

Under these conditions, allopatric speciation occurs as populations are separated by a physical barrier (Central Valley) and genetic differences accumulate due to limited contact. Sympatric speciation occurs when populations remain in the same geographical region but become reproductively isolated, which is not the case here. Therefore, option A is incorrect, and option C is not applicable. Option D is also incorrect.

Question 18

The Greek root words meaning "together" and "fatherland" are the basis for the term

Accepted Answer

The Greek root word "sym" means "together" and "patria" means "fatherland" or "homeland." The term "sympatric" refers to a type of speciation where two or more new species arise from a single ancestral species within the same geographic region, without physical separation.

Question 19

Reinforcement would eventually

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reinforcement would eventually
...

Question 20

Male birds often perform a special dance or set of physical displays to attract females.This would be an example of a behavioral isolation mechanism.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral isolation mechanisms are behaviors or actions that prevent two different species from interbreeding. Male birds performing specific displays to attract females is an example of a behavioral isolation mechanism because it helps ensure that only birds of the same species mate with each other.

Quiz 17: Speciation and Macroevolution