Question 1

The somatic nervous system connects:

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system connects nerve fibers to voluntary muscles and provides the brain with feedback about its movement. It is responsible for voluntary movement and conscious perception of sensations. This system is under conscious control, unlike the autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion.

Option A is incorrect because the connection between the small intestine and pancreas is regulated by the enteric nervous system, a subsystem of the autonomic nervous system.

Option B is incorrect because lymphocytes are formed in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues, not through the connection between blood vessels and lymph nodes.

Option D is incorrect because the somatic nervous system only connects to voluntary muscles and does not control the internal organs, which are regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 2

The right atrium and ventricle pump blood back to the lungs via the _____.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

_____ fibers provide input to the brain and spinal cord by carrying signals from receptors.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

Which of the following bodily changes results from the release of catecholamines?

Accepted Answer

The release of catecholamines (such as adrenaline and noradrenaline) from the adrenal glands triggers the fight or flight response in the body, resulting in an increased rate of respiration, among other physiological changes such as increased heart rate, dilation of pupils, and decreased digestion. The other given options (A, B, and D) are not typically associated with catecholamine release.

Question 5

_____ is the paralysis of all four extremities, and the trunk of the body which occurs when the upper portion of the spinal cord is severed.

Accepted Answer

Quadriplegia is the paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk of the body, which occurs with injury to the upper portion of the spinal cord. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Polio is an infectious disease that primarily affects the motor nerves and can cause paralysis. Paraplegia is the paralysis of the lower extremities and the trunk of the body, which occurs with injury to the lower portion of the spinal cord.

Question 6

Which of the following is commonly known as the disease of lifestyle?

Accepted Answer

Type II diabetes is commonly known as the disease of lifestyle because it is strongly associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, including poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity.

Question 7

Damage to the cerebellum is associated with:

Accepted Answer

Damage to the cerebellum, which is located at the back of the brain, can cause loss of muscle tone, disturbances in posture, and coordination issues. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining posture, so damage to this area of the brain can lead to problems with balance and coordination. Option B is incorrect because breathing is controlled by the medulla oblongata in the brainstem, not the cerebellum. Option C is incorrect because the cerebellum does not play a role in regulating blood flow to the atriums. Option D is also incorrect because the cerebellum is not involved in the regulation of hydrochloric acid secretion.

Question 8

_____ occurs when a clot has developed in a coronary vessel, and blocks the flow of blood to the heart.

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, occurs when a clot has formed in a coronary vessel and has blocked the flow of blood to the heart. This results in damage to the heart muscle due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients. Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle is not receiving enough blood and oxygen, but there is usually no permanent damage to the heart. Ischemia is a lack of blood flow and oxygen to an organ or tissue, which can lead to tissue damage or death. Glioblastoma is a type of brain cancer.

Question 9

_____ is a chronic, nonprogressive disorder of the nervous system that is marked by the lack of muscle control.

Accepted Answer

Cerebral palsy is a chronic disorder of the nervous system that affects muscle control. It is caused by damage to the developing brain, which can occur during pregnancy, childbirth or early childhood. Unlike some other neurological disorders like epilepsy or multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy is nonprogressive, meaning that the symptoms do not worsen over time. Parkinson's disease, on the other hand, is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement and is caused by damage to the brain cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Question 10

_____ occurs when the heart has insufficient supply of oxygen, or adequate removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ occurs when the heart has insufficient...

Question 11

Which of the following functions is performed by the adrenal cortex in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

The adrenal cortex releases cortisol in response to stress which promotes the mobilization of protein and fat in the body for energy. Option A is incorrect as the adrenal cortex actually regulates sodium levels in the body. Option B is incorrect as the formation of antibodies is under the control of the immune system, not the adrenal cortex. Option C is incorrect as cortisol actually increases the amount of energy stored in the body by promoting the breakdown of fats and proteins for energy.

Question 12

The _____ coordinates voluntary muscle movement, the maintenance of balance and equilibrium, and the maintenance of muscle tone and posture.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary muscle movement, maintaining balance and equilibrium, and maintaining muscle tone and posture. The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking, perception, and voluntary movement. The pons and medulla are part of the brainstem, which is responsible for basic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Question 13

The posterior pituitary lobe produces _____ which controls contractions during labor and lactation.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is oxytocin, as it is the hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during lactation. Leptin and ghrelin are both hormones produced by the adipose tissue and stomach, respectively, that regulate appetite and energy balance. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and other physiological processes, but it is not produced by the posterior pituitary gland.

Question 14

The _____ nervous system helps to restore the body to a normal state after an emergency has passed.

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for calming the body down after activation of the sympathetic nervous system in response to an emergency situation. It helps to restore the body to its normal state and conserve energy. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, and the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles.

Question 15

The gene for _____ disease has been identified by a test, which also roughly predicts the age when one will succumb to the disease.

Accepted Answer

The gene for Huntington's disease has been identified and there is a genetic test available that can determine if someone has the gene mutation that causes the disease. This test can also give a rough prediction of the age when symptoms will start to appear.

Question 16

The _____ is responsible for the coordination of visual and auditory reflexes.

Accepted Answer

The midbrain is responsible for the coordination of visual and auditory reflexes, including the ability to turn your head towards a sound or movement in your visual field. The thalamus is responsible for processing sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate areas of the brain, while the hindbrain controls basic functions such as breathing and heart rate. The hypothalamus controls hormones and many aspects of the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, the best answer is midbrain (C).

Question 17

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are together termed as _____.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are both hormones that belong to the group of catecholamines. They are produced by the adrenal glands and play a role in the body's "fight or flight" response to stress.

Question 18

The _____ glands are located on top of each of the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

The glands located on top of each of the kidneys are the adrenal glands.

Question 19

The _____ lobe contains the cortical areas which are responsible for auditory and olfactory impulses.

Accepted Answer

The temporal lobe is responsible for processing auditory information and has a small portion dedicated to processing olfactory information. The parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information, the frontal lobe is associated with higher-level functions such as decision-making, and the occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus helps in transmitting thoughts generated in the cerebral cortex to internal organs and also assesses their impact. It is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body by regulating various body functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep-wake cycles.

Quiz 2: The Systems of the Body