Which of the Following Statements Regarding Corporate Vertical Marketing Systems

Which of the following statements regarding corporate vertical marketing systems is most accurate?

A) Corporate vertical marketing systems require all links in the marketing chain to share title to the goods passed through these firms.
B) Corporate vertical marketing systems can incorporate both forward and backward integration.
C) Corporate vertical marketing systems increase distribution costs.
D) Corporate vertical marketing systems increase investment increases but decrease fixed costs.
E) Corporate vertical marketing systems are only effective with low-end consumer products.