The Manufacturer of a New Kind of Fat-Free Ice Cream

The manufacturer of a new kind of fat-free ice cream that has the consistency and taste of regular ice cream is thinking of using a penetration pricing strategy for its new product. Which of the following conditions would argue AGAINST using a penetration pricing strategy for the tasty fat-free ice cream?

A) The ice cream market is highly elastic.
B) A large portion of the market has inelastic demand for ice cream over a broad range of prices.
C) Economies of scale in production would be substantial.
D) Retailers are not willing to pay for new brands of premium ice cream in the already overcrowded category.
E) Once the initial price is set, it is nearly impossible to lower prices without alienating buyers.