The characteristics of the participants tested in an experiment are called individual differences variables.Individual differences among participants are controlled in an experiment by

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Individual differences variables cannot be eliminated or ignored in an experiment as they can potentially confound the results. Holding the individual differences constant is not feasible in many cases. Therefore, the best option is to balance the individual differences across the conditions of the experiment to avoid any systematic bias due to these variables. This can be achieved by random assignment of participants to different conditions or by matching participants on relevant individual differences variables before assigning them to different conditions.

The Characteristics of the Participants Tested in an Experiment Are