A 23-year-old man visits his physician with symptoms of abdominal discomfort and diarrhea.The man states that the diarrhea has been present off and on for approximately 6 weeks.He especially notes symptoms after a breakfast of wheat cereal and milk.His physician considers the possibility of two disorders,celiac disease and lactose intolerance.Which of the following pairs of laboratory tests would provide a definitive answer?

Question

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Analysis of tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies can confirm celiac disease and breath hydrogen testing can confirm lactose intolerance. Therefore, this pair of laboratory tests would provide a definitive answer for the two possible disorders. Serum gastrin and fecal alpha₁-antitrypsin analysis is used to diagnose Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and pancreatic insufficiency, respectively. Breath hydrogen testing and fecal osmotic gap determination can help diagnose carbohydrate malabsorption. Fecal elastase-1 can diagnose pancreatic insufficiency.

A 23-Year-Old Man Visits His Physician with Symptoms of Abdominal