Question 1

The cytoskeleton

Accepted Answer

The cytoskeleton anchors organelles, provides support, functions in movements of the cytoplasm, and helps maintain cell shape, so all of the choices are correct.

Question 2

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the

Accepted Answer

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for receiving proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, modifying them, and packaging them for secretion outside of the cell. It is composed of flattened, membranous sacs stacked on top of each other. The other organelles listed do not perform these functions.

Question 3

Filamentous fungi are called

Accepted Answer

Filamentous fungi are commonly referred to as "molds" due to their growth habit of forming multicellular, branched filaments called hyphae.

Question 4

Eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella because only eukaryotic flagella

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic flagella contain microtubules, while prokaryotic flagella do not. The other options are not accurate differentiators between the two types of flagella.

Question 5

Protists with contractile vacuoles

Accepted Answer

Protists with contractile vacuoles use them to expel excess water from the cell.

Question 6

The endosymbiotic theory says that precursor eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria by endosymbiosis with a _____ ancestor, and others gained photosynthetic ability from endosymbiosis with a _____ ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that some precursor eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria via endosymbiosis with a rickettsial ancestor, while others gained photosynthetic ability by endosymbiosis with a cyanobacteria ancestor. Therefore, option C (rickettsial, cyanobacteria) is the correct answer.

Question 7

Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, Golgi apparatus is involved in protein modification and sorting, chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, and endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Question 8

The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the

Accepted Answer

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a series of tunnel-like membranes within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It functions in transport and storage of proteins and other molecules. There are two types of ER: smooth and rough. The rough ER is covered in ribosomes and involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins. The smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and poisons.

Question 9

Protists include

Accepted Answer

Protists include a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms, including algae and protozoa. Yeasts and molds are actually considered types of fungi. Helminths, on the other hand, are multicellular worms and are not classified as protists.

Question 10

Cell walls are not found on typical cells of

Accepted Answer

Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that lack cell walls.

Question 11

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

All of these organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, ER, lysosomes) are found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells.

Question 12

The eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotic cells that generate energy through cellular respiration, similar to the way bacteria produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria also have their own DNA and can replicate independently, just like bacteria. This similarity in function and structure is why mitochondria are believed to have evolved from engulfed bacteria. None of the other organelles listed resemble bacterial cells in this way.

Question 13

Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of

Accepted Answer

Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of fungi. While some protozoa and algae have cell walls, they are not made of chitin. Some bacteria have cell walls made of peptidoglycan, but not chitin.

Question 14

Cilia are found in certain

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cilia are found in certain
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Question 15

Organelles found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi are the

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts are only found in algae and plants, and are responsible for photosynthesis. Protozoa and fungi do not have chloroplasts. Mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are found in all eukaryotic cells, including algae and protozoa.

Question 16

The eukaryotic cell's glycocalyx is

Accepted Answer

The glycocalyx is mostly composed of polysaccharides, which are carbohydrate molecules made up of monosaccharide units. It serves as a protective layer around the cell membrane and also plays a role in cell-cell recognition and communication.

Answer: E
 The glycocalyx helps protect the cell against osmotic lysis by creating an osmotic barrier around the cell that prevents the cell from swelling and ultimately bursting due to the influx of water. This is particularly important in cells that are exposed to hypotonic environments, where there is a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside.

Question 17

The size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is

Accepted Answer

The size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is 80S. This is made up of a small 40S subunit and a larger 60S subunit.

Question 18

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis in eukaryotes is the

Accepted Answer

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis in eukaryotes is the nucleolus, which is found in the nucleus.

Question 19

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible thread-like mass called the

Accepted Answer

During interphase, when the eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins are in the form of chromatin. Chromatin is a visible thread-like mass that is less condensed and more dispersed than during mitosis when it condenses into visible chromosomes. The nuclear envelope, nucleosome, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm are also components of a eukaryotic cell but are not specific to the appearance of DNA during interphase.

Question 20

Histones are

Accepted Answer

Histones are proteins that are closely associated with DNA in the nucleus, helping to form the structure of chromatin and regulate gene expression. They are found within the nucleus, not in other organelles such as lysosomes or the endoplasmic reticulum. They are not part of the cytoskeleton, which is composed of different types of proteins.

Quiz 5: A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms