Question 1

Which of the following mixtures have components which can be separated by filtration?

Accepted Answer

Suspensions are mixtures in which particles are dispersed in a medium and can be separated by filtration, as the particles are large enough to be retained by a filter. Colloids and solutions have particles that are too small to be separated by filtration.

Question 2

When two similar liquids mix to form a solution,the entropy of solution (ΔS_soln)is expected to be

Accepted Answer

When two similar liquids mix to form a solution, the number of arrangements of molecules (or microstates) increases leading to an increase in entropy. Therefore, the entropy of solution is expected to be positive.

Question 3

Commercial cold packs often contain solid NH₄NO₃ and a pouch of water.The temperature of the pack drops as the NH₄NO₃ dissolves in water.Therefore,for the dissolving of NH₄NO₃ in water,

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative)hydration energy? I.Mg²⁺ or Ba²⁺ II.K⁺ or Al³⁺

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which cation in each set is expected...

Question 5

Which is not a solution?

Accepted Answer

Brass, hydrochloric acid, and wine are all solutions. Brass is an alloy made up of multiple metals, typically composed of copper and zinc. Hydrochloric acid is a solution made by dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water. Wine is a solution of ethanol and various other compounds dissolved in water. Fog, on the other hand, is a dispersion of small water droplets or ice crystals in the air and is not considered a true solution.

Question 6

When an ionic solute dissolves in water to form an unsaturated solution,the free energy change (ΔG_soln)is

Accepted Answer

When an ionic solute dissolves in water to form an unsaturated solution, the free energy change is negative. This is because the energy required to break the ionic bonds in the solute is less than the energy released when the solute dissolves in water. As a result, the overall process is exothermic and the free energy change is negative.

Question 7

Which cation in each set would be expected to have the larger (more negative)hydration energy? I.Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ II.Li⁺ or NH₄⁺

Accepted Answer

In both sets, the cation with the smaller charge (i.e. Fe2+ in set I and Li+ in set II) will have the larger hydration energy. This is because the smaller charge density allows for stronger interactions between the cation and surrounding water molecules, resulting in a more negative hydration energy. Therefore, Fe³⁺ in set I and Li⁺ in set II would be expected to have the larger hydration energies.

Question 8

KBr does not dissolve well in nonpolar solvents because

Accepted Answer

KBr is an ionic compound, and its solute-solute interactions (ionic bonds) are much stronger than the interactions it can form with nonpolar solvents, which are weak dispersion forces.

Question 9

In the process of dissolving ionic compounds,the cations and anions are separated from the crystal lattice and surrounded by an ordered shell of solvent molecules.If the solvent is water,the dissolved ions are said to be

Accepted Answer

When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, the water molecules surround the individual ions and separate them from the crystal. The process of surrounding ions is called hydration, and the water molecules are called hydration shells. Therefore, the dissolved ions in water are hydrated, and the correct choice is D (hydrated).

Question 10

For a liquid solution made by dissolving a solid or a gas in a liquid,the

Accepted Answer

The liquid is the solvent because it is the component that dissolves the solid (solute) or gas (solute) to form the solution. The solute may be present in varying amounts, but it is always the component that is being dissolved, not the one doing the dissolving.

Question 11

The change in the Gibbs free energy for dissolving more solute in a supersaturated solution is

Accepted Answer

The change in Gibbs free energy for dissolving more solute in a supersaturated solution is positive because the solution becomes less stable as more solute is added past the point of saturation. This means that energy must be inputted into the system in order to continue dissolving solute, leading to a positive change in Gibbs free energy.

Question 12

Although there are exceptions,which is most likely to be true for the dissolving of a solid in a liquid?

Accepted Answer

The dissolution of a solid in a liquid typically results in an increase in the disorder or randomness of the system, which is reflected by a positive change in entropy (ΔS_soln > 0).

Question 13

One reason ionic compounds do not dissolve well in nonpolar solvents is that

Accepted Answer

The answer of One reason ionic compounds do not dissolve...

Question 14

When a particular solid begins to dissolve in water,the temperature rises dramatically.For the dissolving of this solid in pure water

Accepted Answer

When the temperature rises dramatically during the dissolution of a solid in water, it indicates an exothermic process, meaning ΔHsoln is negative because heat is released. The change in entropy (ΔSsoln) can be either negative or positive depending on the nature of the solid and solvent, and how their structures change upon dissolution.

Question 15

In most liquid solutions,the component present in the larger amount is called the

Accepted Answer

The component present in the larger amount is called the solvent, which is the substance that dissolves the solute (the component present in smaller amount) to form a homogeneous mixture. The dispersed medium refers to the medium in which the solute is dispersed, and an emulsifying agent is a substance that stabilizes an emulsion (a mixture of immiscible liquids). Therefore, the best choice is D, as it correctly identifies the component present in larger amount in a liquid solution.

Question 16

For which case would ΔH_soln be expected to be negative?

Accepted Answer

If solute-solvent interactions are much greater than solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions, then the solute has a strong affinity for the solvent and will release energy when it dissolves. This will result in a negative value for ΔH_soln.

Question 17

Stainless steel is an example of a ________ solution.

Accepted Answer

Stainless steel is a solid/solid solution, as it is an alloy composed of iron and other elements like chromium and nickel, all in solid form.

Question 18

The change in the Gibbs free energy for dissolving solute in a saturated solution is

Accepted Answer

In a saturated solution, the solution is at equilibrium, meaning the rate of dissolution is equal to the rate of precipitation. Therefore, there is no net change in the concentration of solute in solution, and consequently no change in the Gibbs free energy of the system. Therefore, the change in Gibbs free energy for dissolving solute in a saturated solution is zero.

Question 19

The rubbing alcohol sold in drug stores often is composed of 70% isopropyl alcohol and 30% water.In this solution

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rubbing alcohol sold in drug stores...

Question 20

Iodine,I₂(s),is more soluble in dichloromethane,CH₂Cl₂(l),than in water because

Accepted Answer

Iodine (I2) and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) are both nonpolar molecules. The similarity in their intermolecular forces, primarily London dispersion forces, makes iodine more soluble in dichloromethane than in water, which is polar and forms hydrogen bonds.

Quiz 11: Solutions and Their Properties

Which of the following mixtures have components which can be separated by filtration?

When two similar liquids mix to form a solution,the entropy of solution (ΔS_soln) is expected to be

Commercial cold packs often contain solid NH₄NO₃ and a pouch of water.The temperature of the pack drops as the NH₄NO₃ dissolves in water.Therefore,for the dissolving of NH₄NO₃ in water,

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Mg²⁺ or Ba²⁺ II.K⁺ or Al³⁺

Which is not a solution?

When an ionic solute dissolves in water to form an unsaturated solution,the free energy change (ΔG_soln) is

Which cation in each set would be expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ II.Li⁺ or NH₄⁺

KBr does not dissolve well in nonpolar solvents because

In the process of dissolving ionic compounds,the cations and anions are separated from the crystal lattice and surrounded by an ordered shell of solvent molecules.If the solvent is water,the dissolved ions are said to be

For a liquid solution made by dissolving a solid or a gas in a liquid,the

The change in the Gibbs free energy for dissolving more solute in a supersaturated solution is

Although there are exceptions,which is most likely to be true for the dissolving of a solid in a liquid?

One reason ionic compounds do not dissolve well in nonpolar solvents is that

When a particular solid begins to dissolve in water,the temperature rises dramatically.For the dissolving of this solid in pure water

In most liquid solutions,the component present in the larger amount is called the

For which case would ΔH_soln be expected to be negative?

Stainless steel is an example of a ________ solution.

The change in the Gibbs free energy for dissolving solute in a saturated solution is

The rubbing alcohol sold in drug stores often is composed of 70% isopropyl alcohol and 30% water.In this solution

Iodine,I₂(s) ,is more soluble in dichloromethane,CH₂Cl₂(l) ,than in water because

Quiz 11: Solutions and Their Properties

Which of the following mixtures have components which can be separated by filtration?

When two similar liquids mix to form a solution,the entropy of solution (ΔSsoln) is expected to be

Commercial cold packs often contain solid NH4NO3 and a pouch of water.The temperature of the pack drops as the NH4NO3 dissolves in water.Therefore,for the dissolving of NH4NO3 in water,

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Mg2+ or Ba2+ II.K+ or Al3+

Which is not a solution?

When an ionic solute dissolves in water to form an unsaturated solution,the free energy change (ΔGsoln) is

Which cation in each set would be expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Fe2+ or Fe3+ II.Li+ or NH4+

KBr does not dissolve well in nonpolar solvents because

In the process of dissolving ionic compounds,the cations and anions are separated from the crystal lattice and surrounded by an ordered shell of solvent molecules.If the solvent is water,the dissolved ions are said to be

For a liquid solution made by dissolving a solid or a gas in a liquid,the

The change in the Gibbs free energy for dissolving more solute in a supersaturated solution is

Although there are exceptions,which is most likely to be true for the dissolving of a solid in a liquid?

One reason ionic compounds do not dissolve well in nonpolar solvents is that

When a particular solid begins to dissolve in water,the temperature rises dramatically.For the dissolving of this solid in pure water

In most liquid solutions,the component present in the larger amount is called the

For which case would ΔHsoln be expected to be negative?

Stainless steel is an example of a ________ solution.

The change in the Gibbs free energy for dissolving solute in a saturated solution is

The rubbing alcohol sold in drug stores often is composed of 70% isopropyl alcohol and 30% water.In this solution

Iodine,I2(s) ,is more soluble in dichloromethane,CH2Cl2(l) ,than in water because

When two similar liquids mix to form a solution,the entropy of solution (ΔS_soln) is expected to be

Commercial cold packs often contain solid NH₄NO₃ and a pouch of water.The temperature of the pack drops as the NH₄NO₃ dissolves in water.Therefore,for the dissolving of NH₄NO₃ in water,

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Mg²⁺ or Ba²⁺ II.K⁺ or Al³⁺

When an ionic solute dissolves in water to form an unsaturated solution,the free energy change (ΔG_soln) is

Which cation in each set would be expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ II.Li⁺ or NH₄⁺

For which case would ΔH_soln be expected to be negative?

Iodine,I₂(s) ,is more soluble in dichloromethane,CH₂Cl₂(l) ,than in water because