Question 1

________ Ambiguous external genitalia
A)Adrenal hyperplasia
B)Penile hypospadias
C)Zona reticularis
D)Neuroectoderm
E)Coelomic epithelium

Accepted Answer

Ambiguous external genitalia often indicate virilization of a female,resulting from congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia.Excessive production of adrenal androgens by the hyperplastic fetal cortices of the suprarenal glands causes masculinization of the external genitalia.A neonate with ambiguous genitalia,a palpable uterus,but no palpable gonads usually is a female pseudohermaphrodite whose condition is caused by adrenocortical hyperplasia.

Question 2

________ Passes through the inguinal canal
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The round ligament of the uterus passes through the inguinal canal and attaches to the labium majus.It is continuous with the ovarian ligament because they are both derived from the embryonic gubernaculum.

Question 3

________ Associated with chordee
A)Adrenal hyperplasia
B)Penile hypospadias
C)Zona reticularis
D)Neuroectoderm
E)Coelomic epithelium

Accepted Answer

Chordee,a curving downward of the penis,often is associated with hypospadias,especially with the more severe types (e.g. ,penoscrotal hypospadias).

Question 4

________ Primordium of the suprarenal cortex
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The suprarenal cortex,derived from mesoderm,is first recognizable as a mass of mesenchymal cells on each side between the root of the mesentery and the developing gonad.Before birth,most of the suprarenal cortex consists of fetal cortex.This zone rapidly involutes after birth,losing about half its mass in 2 weeks.

Question 5

________ Derivative of the paramesonephric duct
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The uterine tube is a derivative of the paramesonephric duct.The fused parts of these ducts give rise to the uterus.

Question 6

________ Give rise to the oogonia
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The primordial germ cells are the precursors of oogonia in female embryos and spermatogonia in male embryos.The primordial germ cells migrate from the umbilical vesicle to the gonads and soon become incorporated into the primary sex cords.

Question 7

________ Derivative of the gubernaculum
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The round ligament is a derivative of the gubernaculum,a fibromuscular cord that passes from the inferior pole of the gonad.It descends obliquely through the developing abdominal wall (future site of the inguinal canal)and attaches to the labioscrotal fold (future labium majus).

Question 8

________ Epoöphoron
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The epoöphoron is a vestigial structure that lies in the broad ligament between the ovary and the uterine tube.It consists of a few blind tubules connected to a short duct.If the epoöphoron becomes distended with fluid,it forms a parovarian cyst.Most are small,but some are very large.

Question 9

________ Corresponds to the epididymis
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The epoöphoron appears in the broad ligament between the ovary and the uterine tube.It is a remnant of the mesonephric duct and some mesonephric tubules and is homologous with the epididymis in males.It may become cystic and give rise to a large parovarian cyst.

Question 10

________ Gives rise to the suprarenal cortex
A)Adrenal hyperplasia
B)Penile hypospadias
C)Zona reticularis
D)Neuroectoderm
E)Coelomic epithelium

Accepted Answer

The fetal suprarenal cortex is derived from mesenchymal cells that arise from the coelomic epithelium.These large cells make up most of the suprarenal cortex before birth,forming the massive fetal cortex.The fetal cortex gradually involutes after birth and usually is not recognizable after the first year.

Question 11

________ Derivative of the urogenital sinus
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The vaginal plate is derived from a pair of sinovaginal bulbs that grow out from the urogenital sinus and fuse to form a solid cord of endodermal cells called the vaginal plate.The central cells of this plate subsequently degenerate,forming the lumen of the vagina.

Question 12

________ Primary sex cord
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The primary sex cords give rise to the seminiferous tubules,tubuli recti,and rete testis.They lose their connections with the surface epithelium as the tunica albuginea forms.

Question 13

________ Primordium of the suprarenal medulla
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The medulla of the suprarenal gland is derived from neuroectoderm.Neural crest cells,comparable to those that give rise to sympathetic nerve cells,migrate to the developing suprarenal cortex and later give rise to the suprarenal medulla.

Question 14

________ Gartner duct cyst
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

Gartner duct cysts are derived from remnants of caudal parts of the mesonephric duct in females.They are located between the layers of the broad ligament along the lateral wall of the uterus or in the wall of the vagina.Gartner duct cysts seldom are detected unless they become infected and enlarged.

Question 15

________ Unfused urogenital folds
A)Adrenal hyperplasia
B)Penile hypospadias
C)Zona reticularis
D)Neuroectoderm
E)Coelomic epithelium

Accepted Answer

Failure of the urogenital folds to fuse in males results in hypospadias.In most cases,the urethra opens on the ventral surface near the junction of the glans and the body of the penis.

Question 16

________ Differentiates after birth
A)Adrenal hyperplasia
B)Penile hypospadias
C)Zona reticularis
D)Neuroectoderm
E)Coelomic epithelium

Accepted Answer

At birth,the suprarenal gland consists mainly of fetal cortex.The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex forms after birth.It usually is recognizable by the end of the third year.The other two layers of the permanent cortex (zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata)are present at birth but are not fully differentiated.

Question 17

________ Suprarenal medulla
A)Adrenal hyperplasia
B)Penile hypospadias
C)Zona reticularis
D)Neuroectoderm
E)Coelomic epithelium

Accepted Answer

The medulla of the suprarenal gland is derived from neuroectoderm.Neural crest cells,comparable to those that form sympathetic ganglia,invade the mesodermal suprarenal cortex on its medial side and soon become surrounded by it.

Question 18

________ Gives rise to the interstitial cells
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The mesenchyme,separating the primary sex cords,gives rise to the interstitial cells.Some cells of the mesenchyme enlarge and become grouped together.They produce androgens during the fetal period that stimulate development of the mesonephric ducts and inhibit development of the paramesonephric ducts.These sex hormones also cause masculinization of the external genitalia.

Question 19

________ Degenerates in females
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The primary sex cords normally degenerate in female embryos,but during the fetal period,secondary sex cords or cortical cords extend from the surface epithelium into the underlying mesenchyme.Primordial germ cells are incorporated into the cortical cords and give rise to the oogonia.The follicular cells that surround the oogonia are derived from the cortical cords.

Question 20

________ Composed of endodermal cells
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Accepted Answer

The vaginal plate is composed of endodermal cells derived from the urogenital sinus.Later,the central cells of this plate break down,forming the lumen of the vagina.Failure of this canalization to occur results in vaginal atresia.

Quiz 11: Urogenital System

________ Ambiguous external genitalia

________ Passes through the inguinal canal

________ Associated with chordee

________ Primordium of the suprarenal cortex

________ Derivative of the paramesonephric duct

________ Give rise to the oogonia

________ Derivative of the gubernaculum

________ Epoöphoron

________ Corresponds to the epididymis

________ Gives rise to the suprarenal cortex

________ Derivative of the urogenital sinus

________ Primary sex cord

________ Primordium of the suprarenal medulla

________ Gartner duct cyst

________ Unfused urogenital folds

________ Differentiates after birth

________ Suprarenal medulla

________ Gives rise to the interstitial cells

________ Degenerates in females

________ Composed of endodermal cells