Question 1

-In the figure,which represents data from the "ant plant" experiments in Investigating Life 22.5,what was the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the variable being measured in the experiment. In this case, the number of leaflets that were damaged is the variable being measured to determine the impact of the presence of tramp ants on the ant plant. The other variables listed may have been measured in the experiment but are not the dependent variable.

Question 2

On a hot,sunny day,which of the following would help protect a plant from water loss?

Accepted Answer

The answer of On a hot,sunny day,which of the following...

Question 3

How did the researchers in Investigating Life 22.5 conduct their experiment studying "ant plants?"

Accepted Answer

The researchers used drops of glue to exclude tramp ants from some leaves, allowing them to observe the role of the ants in protecting the plant from herbivores.

Question 4

In the spring,before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.The resulting sucrose is released into the vessels that transport water.Which of the following would a person tap to collect sap from a maple tree?

Accepted Answer

Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves, and it contains vessels that can also transport sap in certain trees, such as maple trees. Collenchyma tissue and parenchymal tissue are both types of plant support tissues and are not involved in sap transport. Roots and phloem are involved in nutrient and sugar transport, respectively, but not in sap collection from maple trees.

Question 5

What was the researcher's conclusion in the "ant plant" studies?

Accepted Answer

The researcher's conclusion in the "ant plant" studies is that tramp ants that occupy domatia protect the trees from herbivores.

Question 6

In the spring,before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.Which of the following tissues would contain the starch over the winter?

Accepted Answer

Parenchymal tissue is a type of plant tissue that stores starch and other nutrients. In the spring, when temperatures rise above freezing, the starch stored in the parenchymal tissue is released and converted into sugar, which is then transported to the leaves.

Question 7

Regarding Investigating Life 22.5,why might these trees only secrete nectar on young leaves rather than larger,more mature leaves?

Accepted Answer

Young leaves are closer to the apical meristem, which is the region of growth in plants. By secreting nectar on these young leaves, the trees attract ants along the entire length of the branches, providing a more distributed and effective defense mechanism against herbivores and pests.

Question 8

Apoptosis is Greek for "dropping off" and refers to the programmed cell death of cells that attach the petiole to the stem.When these cells die in the fall,the leaves drop.Cells in which part of the plant are undergoing apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

The node is the part of the plant where the petiole attaches to the stem, and it is here that cells undergo apoptosis to allow leaves to drop.

Question 9

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Why wouldn't girdling work on a large grass?

Accepted Answer

Grasses are monocots, and one of the characteristics of monocots is that their vascular bundles (which include xylem and phloem necessary for water and nutrient transport) are scattered throughout the stem's ground tissue, not arranged in a ring as in many dicots. Girdling, which disrupts the vascular system in a ring around the tree, wouldn't effectively disrupt the scattered vascular system of a large grass.

Question 10

A potato stores a lot of starch.Which of the following tissues would you expect to be most abundant in a potato?

Accepted Answer

Starch is stored in the form of amyloplasts in the ground tissue of potatoes. Therefore, ground tissue would be the most abundant tissue in a potato.

Question 11

Regarding Investigating Life 22.5,how would the young leaves obtain the sugary nectar that the ants eat?

Accepted Answer

Young leaves obtain sugary nectar through photosynthesis, where they convert sunlight into chemical energy, producing sugars.

Question 12

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

Girdling a tree involves removing a strip of bark around the entire circumference of the trunk, which disrupts the phloem layer. The phloem is responsible for transporting sugars (produced by photosynthesis in the leaves) down to the roots. When the phloem is severed, these sugars cannot reach the roots, depriving them of essential nutrients, leading to the tree's eventual death.

Question 13

In their studies of "ant plants," the scientists in Investigating Life 22.5 were testing what hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The scientists were testing the hypothesis that the tramp ants promote fruit production in trees with the domatia (hollows) by protecting the tree from herbivorous insects.

Question 14

In the spring,before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.Which of the following best describes the original source of the sugars found in the sap?

Accepted Answer

The sugars originally come from photosynthesis during the previous summer, which are stored as starch in the tree's wood. When temperatures rise above freezing, the stored sugars are released into the sap.

Question 15

A tomato,squash,or bean would be considered a fruit for which reason?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements provided are characteristics that define fruits in botanical terms. Fruits are the mature ovaries of flowering plants, and they typically contain seeds, develop from the flower after fertilization, and serve to protect and help disperse the seeds.

Question 16

The ecological relationship between Humboldtia brunonis and Technomyrmex albipes,described in Investigating Life 22.5,is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The ecological relationship between Humboldtia brunonis and Technomyrmex albipes is mutualism. Humboldtia brunonis provides nectar and shelter to Technomyrmex albipes in exchange for protection from herbivores and seed dispersal.

Question 17

If you cut a stalk of celery and put it in a glass of water containing red food coloring overnight,the next morning the celery will be red.The food coloring was taken up through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Xylem is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plant. The food coloring was taken up by the xylem and distributed to the rest of the celery, causing it to turn red. The other choices are not involved in water and nutrient transport, and therefore are not the best choice for this situation.

Question 18

Apoptosis is Greek for "dropping off" and refers to the programmed cell death of cells that attach the leaf to a stem.If you cut a branch in the summer,the leaves will not fall off in the autumn.What can you conclude from this observation?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis refers to programmed cell death of living cells. Therefore, in order for the leaf to go through apoptosis, it must be alive. Since the leaves do not fall off even after the branch is cut, it indicates that they are still alive and not going through apoptosis.

Question 19

Where would you expect to find sapwood in a cross section of a tree trunk?

Accepted Answer

Sapwood is the outer layer of the tree's wood that is still actively conducting water and nutrients. It is located just under the bark, which means it would be found in the outermost portion of a cross section of a tree trunk.

Question 20

Tree rings represent growth during wet and dry periods of the year.In a deciduous tree found in the north,which two seasons would contribute to tree rings?

Accepted Answer

Tree rings are formed during the growing season, which for deciduous trees in the north typically includes spring and summer. In spring, the tree starts its growth cycle, leading to the formation of lighter, wider rings due to rapid growth. In summer, growth continues but at a slower pace, resulting in the formation of darker, denser rings. Winter and fall are less active or dormant periods for these trees, contributing less to ring formation.

Quiz 22: Plant Form and Function