Question 1

The segregation principle states that in sexually reproducing diploid organisms the two copies of each gene

Accepted Answer

The segregation principle states that the two copies of each gene in sexually reproducing diploid organisms will segregate from each other during meiosis, meaning they will separate and end up in different gametes. This allows for genetic variation and the creation of unique offspring. Choice A is incorrect because the two copies of each gene can separate independently during meiosis. Choice B is incorrect because mitosis is the process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, not the process of creating gametes. Choice C is incorrect because each gamete only receives one copy of each gene, not both. Choice D is incorrect because the two copies of each gene can be different alleles.

Question 2

With respect to genetic traits, what is the opposite of recessive?

Accepted Answer

The opposite of recessive is dominant. Dominant traits are expressed even in the presence of a recessive allele.

Question 3

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what type of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

Mendel determined that tall pea plants were dominant to short pea plants. Cross a homozygous short pea plant with a heterozygous tall pea plant. Which of the following is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

The homozygous short pea plant (tt) crossed with a heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt) would produce offspring with a 1:1 phenotypic ratio of tall to short plants. Half of the offspring would inherit the T allele from the heterozygous parent and the t allele from the homozygous parent, resulting in the tall phenotype (Tt). The other half would inherit the t allele from both parents, resulting in the short phenotype (tt).

Question 5

Gregor Mendel was successful in his analysis of the genetics of pea plants because

Accepted Answer

Mendel's success was due to his methodical approach, including examining both the F1 and F2 generations, which allowed him to observe patterns of inheritance and deduce the principles of segregation and independent assortment.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Dominant genetic disorders require only one copy of the mutant gene to express the disorder. Therefore, if an individual is affected by a dominant genetic disorder, at least one of their parents must also have the disorder or be a carrier of the dominant mutant gene, making statement D correct.

Question 7

The ABO blood type gene is an example of ___________, which means that heterozygotes display two phenotypes at the same time.

Accepted Answer

Codominance is the inheritance pattern where both alleles in a heterozygote are expressed equally and simultaneously, resulting in an intermediate phenotype. This is the case with the ABO blood type gene, where the A and B alleles are codominant over the O allele, and heterozygotes display both A and B antigen expression on their red blood cells.

Question 8

Pedigrees are

Accepted Answer

Pedigrees are graphical representations of information about how traits are passed down from one generation to the next within a family. They can be used by geneticists to study patterns of inheritance and identify the genetic basis of certain disorders.

Question 9

Mendel observed that dominant traits

Accepted Answer

Mendel observed that dominant traits are expressed in all the F1 hybrid pea plants in his experiments, as they mask the presence of recessive traits.

Question 10

The protein responsible for cystic fibrosis is

Accepted Answer

The protein responsible for cystic fibrosis is called cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is responsible for regulating chloride ion transport across cell membranes. Mutations in the CFTR gene can cause the protein to not function correctly, leading to thick and sticky mucus buildup in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs, which can lead to infections, complications, and eventually, organ failure. This thick mucus can also block normal fluid transport across the cell membrane, making it difficult for cells to function properly. As such, choice (C) is the correct answer.

Question 11

A gene on the X chromosome is said to be

Accepted Answer

A gene on the X chromosome is called X-linked. This means that the gene is located on the X chromosome and its inheritance pattern follows X-linked inheritance.

Question 12

Mendel correctly surmised that the 3 dominant:1 recessive phenotypic ratio seen in the F₂ generation pea plants was due to

Accepted Answer

Mendel's law of segregation states that alleles from a parent segregate randomly into gametes. Therefore, the 3:1 phenotypic ratio seen in the F1 generation was due to a random combination of sperm and egg with respect to the allele carried. This ratio is expected in the F2 generation as well, as long as the parents are heterozygous for a single trait.

Question 13

Consider two traits for an organism, determined by two genes, each of which is governed by at least two alleles. In the case of a dihybrid individual, the gametes formed will be of either the parental type or the recombinant type. Recombinant type gametes are formed because of

Accepted Answer

Recombinant type gametes are formed due to independent assortment, which occurs because the genes for the two traits are located on different chromosomes and therefore segregate independently during meiosis. Incomplete dominance, heterozygosity, the principle of dihybrids, and multiple alleles may also play a role in determining an organism's traits, but do not directly explain the formation of recombinant gametes.

Question 14

A person with the genotype XXY will be a ___________ with _________ syndrome and have ________ chromosomes in each cell.

Accepted Answer

A person with the genotype XXY is male and has Klinefelter syndrome, which is characterized by having an extra X chromosome, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes in each cell.

Question 15

An organism with two copies of the same allele is said to be

Accepted Answer

Homozygous refers to an organism with two copies of the same allele. This means that both alleles are identical, and therefore the organism is homozygous for that trait.

Question 16

The determination of gene positions on chromosomes is known as

Accepted Answer

Gene mapping is the process of determining the locations of genes on chromosomes. This is done through a variety of methods, including genetic linkage analysis and physical mapping techniques. Gene therapy, gene mutation, gene construction, and gene alteration are all related to manipulating or changing genes, but they do not directly involve the determination of gene positions on chromosomes.

Question 17

The genetic makeup of a particular trait in an individual is its

Accepted Answer

The genetic makeup of an individual is its genotype, which consists of the alleles inherited from its parents for a particular trait.

Answer: D 
 The observable characteristics of an individual resulting from its genotype and environmental factors is its phenotype. However, the question specifically asks for the genetic makeup, which is the genotype.

Therefore, choices A, B, and E are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the genetic makeup of a trait in an individual.

Question 18

The physical characteristics of an organism resulting from its genes are known as the organism's

Accepted Answer

The physical characteristics of an organism resulting from its genes are known as its phenotype. This includes observable traits such as eye color or height. Alleles (A) refer to different versions of the same gene, while hybrids (B) are the offspring of two different species or varieties. Recessive characteristics (C) are traits that are only expressed when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele. Genotype (D) refers to an organism's underlying genetic makeup, including both its dominant and recessive alleles.

Question 19

An allele is

Accepted Answer

An allele is an alternate form of a gene, meaning that there can be multiple alleles for a single gene. These alleles can be dominant, recessive, or codominant, and they determine an individual's traits when expressed. Alleles always occur in pairs, with one allele inherited from each parent.

Question 20

Different forms of a gene are known as

Accepted Answer

Different forms of a gene are called alleles. They can be dominant or recessive and determine an individual's phenotype. Genotypes refer to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotypes refer to the physical characteristics resulting from the interaction of an organism's genotype and its environment. Hybrids are the offspring of parents with different genotypes or species, and recessives are traits that are only expressed in the homozygous condition. Therefore, the only choice that accurately describes the different forms of a gene is A)alleles.

Quiz 5: Patterns of Inheritance

The segregation principle states that in sexually reproducing diploid organisms the two copies of each gene

With respect to genetic traits, what is the opposite of recessive?

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what type of inheritance?

Mendel determined that tall pea plants were dominant to short pea plants. Cross a homozygous short pea plant with a heterozygous tall pea plant. Which of the following is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Gregor Mendel was successful in his analysis of the genetics of pea plants because

Which of the following statements is true?

The ABO blood type gene is an example of ___________, which means that heterozygotes display two phenotypes at the same time.

Pedigrees are

Mendel observed that dominant traits

The protein responsible for cystic fibrosis is

A gene on the X chromosome is said to be

Mendel correctly surmised that the 3 dominant:1 recessive phenotypic ratio seen in the F₂ generation pea plants was due to

Consider two traits for an organism, determined by two genes, each of which is governed by at least two alleles. In the case of a dihybrid individual, the gametes formed will be of either the parental type or the recombinant type. Recombinant type gametes are formed because of

A person with the genotype XXY will be a _______ with _ syndrome and have ____ chromosomes in each cell.

An organism with two copies of the same allele is said to be

The determination of gene positions on chromosomes is known as

The genetic makeup of a particular trait in an individual is its

The physical characteristics of an organism resulting from its genes are known as the organism's

An allele is

Different forms of a gene are known as

Quiz 5: Patterns of Inheritance

The segregation principle states that in sexually reproducing diploid organisms the two copies of each gene

With respect to genetic traits, what is the opposite of recessive?

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what type of inheritance?

Mendel determined that tall pea plants were dominant to short pea plants. Cross a homozygous short pea plant with a heterozygous tall pea plant. Which of the following is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Gregor Mendel was successful in his analysis of the genetics of pea plants because

Which of the following statements is true?

The ABO blood type gene is an example of ___________, which means that heterozygotes display two phenotypes at the same time.

Pedigrees are

Mendel observed that dominant traits

The protein responsible for cystic fibrosis is

A gene on the X chromosome is said to be

Mendel correctly surmised that the 3 dominant:1 recessive phenotypic ratio seen in the F2 generation pea plants was due to

Consider two traits for an organism, determined by two genes, each of which is governed by at least two alleles. In the case of a dihybrid individual, the gametes formed will be of either the parental type or the recombinant type. Recombinant type gametes are formed because of

A person with the genotype XXY will be a ___________ with _________ syndrome and have ________ chromosomes in each cell.

An organism with two copies of the same allele is said to be

The determination of gene positions on chromosomes is known as

The genetic makeup of a particular trait in an individual is its

The physical characteristics of an organism resulting from its genes are known as the organism's

An allele is

Different forms of a gene are known as

Mendel correctly surmised that the 3 dominant:1 recessive phenotypic ratio seen in the F₂ generation pea plants was due to

A person with the genotype XXY will be a _______ with _ syndrome and have ____ chromosomes in each cell.