Question 1

______ is any change in the content or organization of long-term memory or behavior.

Accepted Answer

Learning is defined as any change in the content or organization of long-term memory or behavior. Selective awareness and training are not comprehensive definitions of this concept. Selective retention refers to the process of only remembering certain pieces of information, rather than an overall change in memory or behavior. Behavior modification is a specific approach to changing behavior, rather than a comprehensive definition of learning.

Question 2

those characteristics can be measured to identify ___________.

Accepted Answer

Characteristics that can be measured, such as personality traits, cognitive abilities, or physical attributes, can be used to identify differences between individuals. Reactions in certain situations, common beliefs, moods, and emotions are not necessarily measurable characteristics that can be used to differentiate individuals.

Question 3

While conditioning requires little effort on the part of the learner,______ is more active and involves mental processes that acquire information to work through problems and manage life situations.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive learning is a type of learning that involves active mental processes that acquire and process information, work through problems, make decisions, and manage life situations. It requires more effort and engagement from the learner compared to conditioning, which is a more passive form of learning. Therefore, D is the correct choice among the given options.

Question 4

The most important external forces on consumer choices are ____________ forces.

Accepted Answer

The most important external forces on consumer choices are situational, social, and cultural forces. Situational forces refer to the circumstances and context in which the consumer is making the purchase decision. Social forces encompass the influence of family, friends, and other reference groups on the consumer's behavior. Cultural forces include the shared values, beliefs, and customs of a society that shape the consumer's preferences and behavior. Language and subculture are also important external forces, but they are secondary to the primary forces listed in option C. Option A and D are incorrect as they do not include situational forces which are an important external force on consumer choices.

Question 5

Values shared by Americans are _____ while Japanese value _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Values shared by Americans are _____ while...

Question 6

Marketing managers need to pay attention to culture as ________.

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are true statements about the importance of culture for marketing managers to consider. Culture influences consumer behavior, and failing to understand or address cultural factors can negatively impact product acceptance and the effectiveness of marketing messages. Additionally, incorporating cultural cues into the value proposition can increase appeal and relevance to the target audience.

Question 7

Marketers are concerned about selective retention.In particular,they want consumers to transfer information from _____ to _______.

Accepted Answer

Selective retention refers to the process where consumers only retain certain information after being exposed to various marketing messages. To combat this, marketers want consumers to transfer information from their short-term memory to their long-term memory, ensuring that they remember the message in the long run. Therefore, choice D is the best option as it describes the transfer of information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

Question 8

When baby boomers hear music that connects them with positive memories and the product and brand that is being advertised,they reflect _____.

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of conditioned learning, where the music acts as a conditioned stimulus that elicits positive memories (conditioned response) and associations with the product/brand being advertised. This is a result of past experiences and repeated exposure to both the music and the product/brand, leading to a conditioned association between the two.

Question 9

______ is a unique set of personal qualities that produce distinctive responses across similar situations.

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to a set of distinctive personal qualities that are consistent across time and situations and produce unique responses to similar situations. These personal qualities may include traits such as agreeableness, openness, extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness. Attitudes, situational states, personal characteristics, and mindsets are all related to the individual's psychology but do not necessarily form a unique set of personal qualities.

Question 10

Frito-Lay is using _______ when it offers free in-store samples of Doritos for the express purpose of getting people to try the product,enjoy the product,and finally purchase a bag of Doritos.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Frito-Lay is using _______ when it offers...

Question 11

ABC company wants to create an association between two stimuli: Marketing information and a response.ABC Company is using ______.

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes the use of classical conditioning, which is a type of associative learning. The marketing information (stimulus) is being paired with a desired response, which is the goal of classical conditioning.

Question 12

José is _______.He exhibits behavior that is considered careful,precise,and organized.

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is a personality trait characterized by being organized, responsible, and goal-oriented. José's behavior of being careful, precise and organized fits the description of conscientiousness.

Question 13

Most personality traits are formed _______________.

Accepted Answer

Most personality traits are formed at an early age, usually by the age of six. This is due to a combination of genetic factors and environmental influences during a child's formative years. While some aspects of personality may continue to evolve throughout one's life, the foundation is largely established in childhood.

Question 14

When Bob was asked to describe Sherry,he didn't describe her by talking about her age or education; rather,his comments about her sense of humor were reflecting her ________.

Accepted Answer

Bob's comments about Sherry's sense of humor reflect her personality, not her appearance, income, job type, or aptitude.

Question 15

Which of the following is an external factor that exerts a significant impact on consumer choices?

Accepted Answer

Situational factors are external influences that affect consumer choices, such as the physical environment, social surroundings, and time constraints.

Question 16

The two fundamental approaches to learning include ____ and ____.

Accepted Answer

There are two fundamental approaches to learning. The first, conditioning, involves creating an association between two stimuli. There are two types of conditioning: classical and operant. While conditioning requires very little effort on the part of the learner, cognitive learning is more active and involves mental processes that acquire information to work through problems and manage life situations.

Question 17

______ assimilates the shared artifacts such as values,morals,beliefs,art,law,and customs into an organized system that enables people to function as members of society.

Accepted Answer

Culture encompasses all of the shared artifacts listed and more, and is the organized system that allows individuals to function as members of society. Norms, ethics, moral code, and moral values are all components of culture.

Question 18

Someone suffering from flu and seeking information from friends,doctors,or medical Web sites about the best over-the-counter remedy for specific symptoms is engaged in _______.

Accepted Answer

The individual seeking information about the best over-the-counter remedy for specific flu symptoms is engaged in cognitive learning, which involves acquiring knowledge and understanding through mental processes such as perception, reasoning, and memory. The other choices, such as brand management, cognitive association, operant conditioning, and classical conditioning, do not accurately describe the situation.

Question 19

_____ tends to reinforce existing attitudes and creates a real challenge for marketers trying to overcome negative beliefs and attitudes since people are less likely to be aware of or retain information which contradicts their beliefs and attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Selective retention refers to the tendency of individuals to remember information that aligns with their existing beliefs and attitudes, making it challenging for marketers to change negative perceptions.

Question 20

Although individuals are exposed to 2,000 to 5,000 messages daily,all messages are not processed,retained and interpreted because of ________,a psychological tool which helps individuals focus on what is relevant and eliminate what is not.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although individuals are exposed to 2,000 to...

Quiz 5: Understanding Customers: Business-To-Consumer Markets