Question 1

Surveys show that nearly half the people in the United States deal with their health problems through

Accepted Answer

Surveys show that nearly half the people in the United States deal with their health problems through prayer. While the other options may also have some health benefits, the survey specifically mentions prayer as the most common method used.

Question 2

People vary with regard to whether they are fundamentally optimistic or pessimistic in nature.The test developed to measure this dispositional optimism is known as the

Accepted Answer

The Life Orientation Test (LOT) is specifically designed to measure dispositional optimism. It consists of statements that individuals are asked to rate based on how much they agree or disagree with them, and the scores are used to determine an individual's level of optimism or pessimism. The other options listed are not designed specifically to measure dispositional optimism.

Question 3

A personality style characterized by optimism,a sense of control,conscientiousness,self-esteem,and positivity is the _____ personality.

Accepted Answer

The characteristics described are associated with a health-prone personality style. This type of personality is more likely to maintain good health habits, cope effectively with stress, and exhibit resilience in the face of adversity, leading to overall better health outcomes.

Question 4

James is a lawyer who used to work at the World Trade Center until the 9/11 incident took place.He survived the building collapse but was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)soon after.Over the next few months,he spent time gathering information on the attack,talking to other survivors,and organizing resources for them.Which of the following coping styles is James using?

Accepted Answer

James is using an approach coping style by gathering information, talking to other survivors, and organizing resources for them. He is actively taking steps to deal with the trauma and move forward.

Question 5

_____ is a psychological resource that not only allows individuals to confront and cope with stressors but also helps them bounce back from bad experiences and adapt flexibly to the changing demands of stressful situations.

Accepted Answer

Resilience is the ability to withstand and adapt to stress and adversity. It is a psychological resource that helps individuals bounce back from challenging experiences and adjust to changing circumstances. Resilient individuals are better equipped to cope with stressors and challenges, and they are more likely to recover quickly from setbacks.

Question 6

Neuroticism coupled with social inhibition and isolation is sometimes referred to as the _____ personality.

Accepted Answer

Type D personality refers to individuals who are prone to experiencing negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and feelings of inadequacy, while also exhibiting socially inhibited and isolated behavior. This personality type has been linked to increased risk for cardiovascular disease and poorer health outcomes.

Question 7

High self-esteem is closely related to

Accepted Answer

High self-esteem is associated with lower levels of HPA axis activity, which is responsible for the body's stress response system. This means that individuals with higher self-esteem are better able to cope with stress and have improved overall mental health.

Question 8

Sarah is scheduled for a hysterectomy.A health psychologist visits her in the hospital and finds that she is worried about the pain involved in the surgery.The psychologist clearly explains the procedure to Sarah and answers her questions to ease her worries.He also teaches her a relaxation technique that she can use before the surgery to control her anxiety.The psychologist explains the drug-delivery method to her so she understands when and how much of the pain-relief drug she will receive.In this case,the health psychologist is conducting a(n)_____ intervention.

Accepted Answer

The health psychologist is conducting a control-enhancing intervention by providing Sarah with information and techniques to manage her anxiety and pain, thereby giving her a sense of control over the situation.

Question 9

Individuals who display high negative affectivity are

Accepted Answer

Individuals with high negative affectivity are more likely to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, sadness, and irritability, and are therefore more prone to developing diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer. This is known as the disease-prone personality, which is commonly associated with high negative affectivity. Therefore, individuals with high negative affectivity are more likely to have a disease-prone personality. The other options are not supported by research and are less likely to be true statements.

Question 10

Which of the following statements best defines coping?

Accepted Answer

Coping refers to the thoughts and behaviors used to manage the internal and external demands of situations that are appraised as stressful. Option A refers to social support, option B refers to self-efficacy, and option C is too narrow in its definition of coping as only related to stress and illness.

Question 11

Positive emotional states are known to reduce levels of _____,which is a stress indicator.

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a stress hormone that can be reduced by positive emotional states such as happiness, joy or pleasure.

Question 12

Psychological control is the belief that

Accepted Answer

Psychological control refers to the perception that one has the power to influence their own actions, environment, and the results of those actions, which is accurately described in option B.

Question 13

The relationship between coping and a stressful event is a _____ process.

Accepted Answer

Coping and a stressful event involve ongoing and changing interactions, making it a dynamic process. Coping strategies may need to be adjusted or modified as the stressful event evolves or changes, highlighting the dynamic nature of the relationship.

Question 14

_____ is a propensity to deal with stressful events in a particular way.

Accepted Answer

Coping style refers to an individual's characteristic way of dealing with stress and handling stressful events. It involves the various cognitive, behavioral, and emotional strategies that a person employs in response to stress. Primary response style is not a commonly used term in psychology, and direct effect refers to the immediate impact of a stressor on an individual. While coping style is considered an individual difference, it is a more specific construct that refers to a person's coping mechanisms.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of people with high self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of optimism?

Accepted Answer

Optimism promotes active and persistent coping efforts in individuals, which means that those who are optimistic tend to actively seek out solutions to problems and persist in their efforts to overcome obstacles. Option A is incorrect because optimism does not encourage individuals to accept adverse environmental conditions; rather, it encourages them to find ways to change or improve the situation. Option B is incorrect because optimism does not necessarily promote self-reliance; rather, it can lead individuals to seek support and resources from others. Option D is incorrect because optimism fosters a sense of internal control, whereby individuals feel that they can influence the outcome of events through their own actions and efforts.

Question 17

Which of the following is an important aspect of coping?

Accepted Answer

Coping involves actively taking steps to deal with stressful events or situations. This may involve problem-solving, seeking social support, or practicing relaxation techniques, among others. Suppression of emotional reactions (choice A) and complete avoidance of stressful events (choice B) are generally not effective coping strategies as they do not address the source of stress and can lead to negative consequences in the long run. Tolerance of harmful environmental conditions (choice C) is not a recommended coping strategy as it can also lead to negative health outcomes.

Question 18

_____ maintains that through collaboration with family and friends or with medical practitioners,one may successfully cope with a stressful event.

Accepted Answer

Secondary control refers to using external resources, such as social support, to cope with stressful situations. This can involve collaborating with family and friends or seeking help from medical professionals. Self-control (A) refers to managing one's own emotional and behavioral responses to stress, while primary control (C) involves actively changing the stressful situation itself. Thought control (D) refers to cognitive strategies, such as positive thinking or reframing, to manage one's thoughts about the stressful event.

Question 19

Organized religion provides a sense of _____ to people.

Accepted Answer

Organized religion provides a sense of group identity to people. Through shared beliefs, practices, and rituals, individuals are able to identify with a larger community and feel a sense of belonging. This can also provide a sense of comfort and support during times of hardship or uncertainty.

Question 20

When optimists' expectations are not met or when they face resistance in pursuing their goals,they are likely to experience

Accepted Answer

The answer of When optimists' expectations are not met or...

Quiz 7: Coping,resilience,and Social Support