Question 1

You take 50 mL of small BB's and combine them with  of large BB's and you get a total of 90 mL of BB's of mixed size. Which of the following statements best explains this?
A)Since the density of the small BB's is less than that of the large BB's their volumes do not add directly to one another.
B)This is not possible since the Law of Conservation of Volume would be violated.
C)The total volume actually gets larger since mixing the BB's would leave additional air space because of the difference in size of the two BB sets.
D)Many of the smaller BB's are able to fit within the pockets of space that were empty within the  of large BB's.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Aristotle described the composition and behavior of matter ________.
A)in terms of the 4 qualities of hot, cold, moist and dry
B)as the elements of fire, water, air and earth
C)as materials that are unchanging
D)as states of perception

Accepted Answer

Aristotle described the composition and behavior of matter in terms of the 4 qualities of hot, cold, moist and dry.

Question 3

A TV screen looked at from a distance appears as a smooth continuous flow of images. Up close, however, we see this is an illusion. What really exists are a series of tiny dots (pixels). This is similar to a chemist's view of matter in that ________.
A)the fundamental particles of matter can also be seen when looked at closely with a magnifying glass
B)on the submicroscopic level, chemist's find that matter is made of extremely small particles, such as atoms and molecules.
C)anything that a chemist can see, touch, hear, smell, or taste is an illusion
D)elements are made up of only three basic types of matter

Accepted Answer

A chemist's view of matter is that it is made up of extremely small particles, such as atoms and molecules, which cannot be seen with the naked eye but can be observed through scientific instruments such as microscopes. This is similar to the fact that up close, a TV screen is made up of individual pixels, which cannot be distinguished when viewed from a distance.

Question 4

The same amount of red colored Kool-Aid crystals are added to a still glass of thick sugar water and a still glass of distilled water. Both are the same temperature. Neither is stirred. Which should become uniform in color first?
A)The glass of distilled water should become uniform in color first.
B)The glass of thick sugar water should become uniform in color first.
C)Both glasses will become uniform in color at exactly the same time.
D)Without stirring, it is unlikely that either glass will ever become uniform in color.

Accepted Answer

The presence of sugar and other solutes in the thick sugar water will slow down the rate of diffusion of the Kool-Aid crystals, making it take longer for the color to spread throughout the entire volume of water. Distilled water, on the other hand, has no solutes to hinder the diffusion of the Kool-Aid crystals, so the color should spread more quickly and uniformly throughout the water. Therefore, the glass of distilled water should become uniform in color first.

Question 5

Based on the Law of Mass Conservation, Lavoisier hypothesized that ________.
A)an element is made of a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into anything else
B)matter can lose or gain mass as hot, dry, cold or moist qualities change
C)an element is a combination of substances
D)water is a fundamental element

Accepted Answer

Lavoisier's Law of Mass Conservation states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, leading him to hypothesize that elements are fundamental substances that cannot be broken down into anything simpler.

Question 6

Based on experimental evidence, John Dalton postulated that ________.
A)each element consists of indivisible, minute particles called atoms
B)atoms can be created and destroyed in chemical reactions
C)not all atoms of a given element are identical
D)atoms of different elements have the same masses

Accepted Answer

John Dalton's postulation of atoms as indivisible, minute particles is the basis for modern atomic theory. He believed that each element was made up of a unique type of atom that could not be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Dalton did not propose that atoms could be created or destroyed, which eliminates choice B. He also observed that atoms of different elements have different masses, meaning option D is incorrect. Finally, Dalton's postulation that each element's atoms were unique and indivisible disproves option C.

Question 7

Dalton's atomic model gained credibility because ________.
A)atoms are too small to be seen, so no one could prove him wrong
B)the model worked to explain much about known chemical reactions
C)people could make gold from common metals
D)he was elected into the Royal Society

Accepted Answer

Dalton's atomic model was able to explain much about known chemical reactions, which gave it more credibility in the scientific community. The fact that atoms were too small to be seen did not necessarily mean that his model was correct. The ability to make gold from common metals has no relation to Dalton's atomic model, and being elected to the Royal Society does not automatically mean his model was credible.

Question 8

According to Aristotle's hypothesis about matter, wet clay is converted to ceramic because ________.
A)heat drives out the coolness of earth
B)dry air replaces moist air
C)fire replaces the moist element with the dry element
D)dry quality is replaced with moist quality

Accepted Answer

According to Aristotle's hypothesis about matter, wet clay is converted to ceramic because the moist element is replaced with the dry element through the process of firing in a kiln.

Question 9

A biological cell is best described as ________.
A)macroscopic
B)microscopic
C)submicroscopic
D)nanoscopic

Accepted Answer

A biological cell is typically in the range of 1-100 micrometers, which is considered microscopic. The other options are not correct because a cell cannot be seen with the naked eye (macroscopic), requires a microscope to be seen (submicroscopic), and is larger than the nanoscale (nanoscopic).

Question 10

In what sense can you truthfully say that you are a part of every person around you?
A)We all live on the same planet and share the same resources.
B)We are continually exchanging our atoms.
C)We all share the same genetic code.
D)There are more people alive now than have ever lived.

Accepted Answer

Every person around us is made up of atoms, and these atoms are continually exchanging through breathing, talking, touching, etc. As a result, we are all part of each other on an atomic level.

Question 11

Dmitri Mendeleev's chart of elements ________.
A)was used as a calendar
B)placed elements together with similar properties
C)shifted the elements to fill in the gaps
D)had many defects because of unknown elements

Accepted Answer

Dmitri Mendeleev's chart of elements placed elements together with similar properties. This organization allowed for the prediction of the properties of undiscovered elements and provided a foundation for the modern periodic table.

Question 12

Considering how small atoms are, what are the chances that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your first breath will be in your last breath?
A)not very likely because atoms are constantly dematerializing
B)not possible at all because atom don't last that long
C)very probable because of how incredibly small atoms are
D)There's not really a way that scientists are able to make such an estimate.

Accepted Answer

The chances are very probable because atoms are incredibly small, and it's estimated that about 98% of the atoms in our bodies are replaced every year, but there will always be a small number of atoms that stick around for much longer. Therefore, it is very likely that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your first breath will be in your last breath.

Question 13

Dmitri Mendeleev ________.
A)predicted the existence of elements not yet discovered
B)developed the basis of our modern periodic table
C)helped in the discovery of missing elements by predicting their behavior
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Dmitri Mendeleev's contributions include predicting the existence of elements not yet discovered, developing the basis of our modern periodic table, and helping in the discovery of missing elements by predicting their behavior.

Question 14

How would you describe the size of the following object? a blood cell
A)microscopic
B)macroscopic
C)submicroscopic
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Blood cells are typically around 7-8 micrometers in diameter, which is much smaller than what can be seen with the naked eye (macroscopic) and larger than structures like atoms and molecules (submicroscopic). Therefore, the best choice is A, microscopic.

Question 15

According to John Dalton, atoms of a given element ________.
A)are identical
B)have different masses
C)are divisible
D)have the same shape

Accepted Answer

According to John Dalton, atoms of a given element are identical in all aspects, including mass and chemical properties.

Question 16

How does Aristotle's model of matter explain how a puddle of water disappears to dryness on a sunny day?
A)Aristotle's model explains that water becomes dry when it comes into contact with Earth.
B)Aristotle's model explains that moisture combines with heat to form air.
C)Aristotle's model explains that the sun directs Earth to absorb the puddle of water.
D)Aristotle's model has no explanation of how a puddle of water disappears to dryness on a sunny day.

Accepted Answer

According to Aristotle's model of matter, things in the natural world consist of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water. Water is seen as a combination of the elements of earth and moisture. When a puddle of water on a sunny day comes into contact with the heat of the sun, the moisture within the water combines with the heat to form air, causing the water to dry up and disappear. Therefore, choice B is the best option as it provides a clear explanation based on Aristotle's model of matter.

Question 17

How would you describe the volume of the following object? the amount of water in a swimming pool
A)microscopic
B)macroscopic
C)submicroscopic
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The amount of water in a swimming pool is macroscopic, meaning it is large enough to be seen and measured by the naked eye.

Question 18

How does Aristotle's model of matter explain why the air over a flame is always moist?
A)Aristotle's model of matter explains that moisture in the air draws heat out of the flame.
B)Aristotle's model of matter explains that moisture counters heat since water counters fire.
C)Aristotle's model of matter would explain quite the opposite and predict the air above the flame would become dry.
D)Aristotle's model does not deal with the concept of air over a flame.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle's model of matter, which includes the four elements (earth, water, air, fire), would predict that the air above a flame becomes dry because fire is associated with dryness and heat.

Question 19

Alchemist of the Middle Ages believed that ________.
A)atoms are the basis of matter
B)materials can be altered to produce new molecules
C)a substance can be transformed into gold by altering its basic qualities
D)iron is strong and springy because its atoms are shaped like coils

Accepted Answer

The belief that substances can be transformed into gold by altering their basic qualities was a central tenet of alchemy during the Middle Ages. This belief was motivated in part by a desire to find a way to quickly obtain wealth and power, and in part by a more abstract quest for spiritual purification and perfection. Despite centuries of experimentation and speculation, however, alchemists were ultimately unable to achieve the transmutation of base metals into gold, and their legacy as scientific precursors to modern chemistry is largely based on their contributions to the development of laboratory techniques and chemical knowledge.

Question 20

Red colored Kool-Aid crystals are added to a still glass of hot water. The same amount of crystals are added to a second still glass filled with the same amount of cold water. With no stirring, which of the following would occur?
A)Without stirring, both glasses will reach uniform color in the same amount of time since they both contain identical amounts of water.
B)The glass of cold water will reach a uniform red color first since there are no heat convection currents to impede the distribution of the dye.
C)The glass of hot water will reach a uniform red color first since the higher kinetic energy provides for faster moving molecules to more quickly distribute the dye.
D)The Kool-aid crystals will never dissolve in either glass until the glasses are stirred.

Accepted Answer

The higher kinetic energy of the hot water molecules will allow for faster movement and distribution of the dye, leading to a faster uniform color in the glass of hot water.

Quiz 2: Particles of Matter

You take 50 mL of small BB's and combine them with of large BB's and you get a total of 90 mL of BB's of mixed size. Which of the following statements best explains this?

Aristotle described the composition and behavior of matter ________.

A TV screen looked at from a distance appears as a smooth continuous flow of images. Up close, however, we see this is an illusion. What really exists are a series of tiny dots (pixels) . This is similar to a chemist's view of matter in that ________.

The same amount of red colored Kool-Aid crystals are added to a still glass of thick sugar water and a still glass of distilled water. Both are the same temperature. Neither is stirred. Which should become uniform in color first?

Based on the Law of Mass Conservation, Lavoisier hypothesized that ________.

Based on experimental evidence, John Dalton postulated that ________.

Dalton's atomic model gained credibility because ________.

According to Aristotle's hypothesis about matter, wet clay is converted to ceramic because ________.

A biological cell is best described as ________.

In what sense can you truthfully say that you are a part of every person around you?

Dmitri Mendeleev's chart of elements ________.

Considering how small atoms are, what are the chances that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your first breath will be in your last breath?

Dmitri Mendeleev ________.

How would you describe the size of the following object? a blood cell

According to John Dalton, atoms of a given element ________.

How does Aristotle's model of matter explain how a puddle of water disappears to dryness on a sunny day?

How would you describe the volume of the following object? the amount of water in a swimming pool

How does Aristotle's model of matter explain why the air over a flame is always moist?

Alchemist of the Middle Ages believed that ________.

Red colored Kool-Aid crystals are added to a still glass of hot water. The same amount of crystals are added to a second still glass filled with the same amount of cold water. With no stirring, which of the following would occur?